CAJ | 학술논문

训练周期是运动训练过程的基本单元，训练结构是训练安排的整体构架。通过对我国20km男子竞走项目年度训练周期结构进行研究发现：1）年度不同小周期围绕素质、技术、战术及心理训练展开；2）一般准备期旨在提高有氧水平，改进技术，提高战术能力；专门准备期旨在促进竞技能力提升；赛前期旨在发展专项能力；比赛期重点是调整并保持最近竞技状态。负荷量在一般准备期较高，专门准备期达到顶点，赛前期、比赛期及恢复期走低；一般准备期素质及技术训练安排较多，后在专门准备期、赛前期与比赛期逐渐下降；训练强度在一般准备期较低，后随专门准备期、赛前期、比赛期逐渐增强；3）相比平原运动员，高原运动员训练专项化程度较高；训练负荷量相对较大，但负荷强度相对略小；沿各同质小周期，其负荷内容类别逐渐集中，方法手段专项化程度渐强，负荷强度渐高。
훈련주기시운동훈련과정적기본단원，훈련결구시훈련안배적정체구가。통과대아국20km남자경주항목년도훈련주기결구진행연구발현：1）년도불동소주기위요소질、기술、전술급심리훈련전개；2）일반준비기지재제고유양수평，개진기술，제고전술능력；전문준비기지재촉진경기능력제승；새전기지재발전전항능력；비새기중점시조정병보지최근경기상태。부하량재일반준비기교고，전문준비기체도정점，새전기、비새기급회복기주저；일반준비기소질급기술훈련안배교다，후재전문준비기、새전기여비새기축점하강；훈련강도재일반준비기교저，후수전문준비기、새전기、비새기축점증강；3）상비평원운동원，고원운동원훈련전항화정도교고；훈련부하량상대교대，단부하강도상대략소；연각동질소주기，기부하내용유별축점집중，방법수단전항화정도점강，부하강도점고。
Training cycle is the basic unit of the exercise training process, training structure is the overall framework of the training arrangements. By studying, we found out that our 20km man walking race annual training cycle structure was that 1 ） the different annual small cycle was around the quality, technical, tactical and psychological training. 2）The general preparation period is to improve the aerobic level, technology and tactical capabilities, special preparation period is to enhance the competitive ability of the master in the promotion, specific ability is to be developed before the competition period and competitive state is adjusted and maintained. Load higher in the general preparation period, special preparation period reached its peak, before the period of the game and convalescent lower; the general quality of preparation and technical training arrangements are more specifically after the preparation period, competition period before the period and gradually decreased; training intensity in the general preparation period is low, followed by a special preparation, before the period of the game period and gradually increased. 3） Compared to the plain athletes, specialized training athletes at high altitude relatively have large amount of training load, but the load intensity is relatively smaller. Homo geneous along the small cycle, the load gradually focused content categories, specific methods and means the degree of becoming strong, while high load intensity is high gradually.