中国体育科技
中國體育科技
중국체육과기
China Sport Science and Technology
2012年
1期
68~75
,共null页
中国国家队 男子 足球 运动员 位置体能 特征
中國國傢隊 男子 足毬 運動員 位置體能 特徵
중국국가대 남자 족구 운동원 위치체능 특정
Chinese national team; man;football players ; position physical ability ; characteristics
足球运动员的体能特征既有其共性，又有其位置差异性。运用文献资料调研、专家访谈、体育测量、数理统计等方法从身体形态、身体机能以及运动素质3个方面对中国国家队男子足球运动员的位置体能特征进行了研究，结果表明，1）守门员的平均身高、体重和克托莱指数与其他位置运动员的相应指标具有非常显著性差异；后卫运动员的平均体重和克托莱指数均与前卫运动员具有显著性差异；2）守门员的平均最大摄氧量与后卫、前卫和前锋运动员具有显著性差异；前锋运动员的平均最大摄氧量与前卫运动员具有显著性差异。后卫和前锋运动员的平均通气无氧阈与前卫均具有显著性差异。前卫运动员的平均最大功量与守门员、后卫、前锋运动员具有显著性差异；守门员的平均功量与后卫、前卫运动员存在显著性差异；前卫运动员的平均功量与前锋运动员存在显著性差异；3）速度素质前锋运动员最好，其次是后卫和前卫运动员，守门员最差；下肢力量素质守门员最好，前锋运动员次之，后卫运动员和前卫运动员较差；耐力素质前卫最好，其次是后卫和前锋运动员，守门员最差；柔韧素质守门员最好，其次是后卫和前卫运动员，前锋运动员最差。结论：1）位置形态上呈现出的差异主要与运动员的选材有关；2）位置机能上呈现出的差异主要与他们在场上的位置角色有直接的关系；3）位置素质上呈现出的差别，主要与后天训练有较大的关系。
足毬運動員的體能特徵既有其共性，又有其位置差異性。運用文獻資料調研、專傢訪談、體育測量、數理統計等方法從身體形態、身體機能以及運動素質3箇方麵對中國國傢隊男子足毬運動員的位置體能特徵進行瞭研究，結果錶明，1）守門員的平均身高、體重和剋託萊指數與其他位置運動員的相應指標具有非常顯著性差異；後衛運動員的平均體重和剋託萊指數均與前衛運動員具有顯著性差異；2）守門員的平均最大攝氧量與後衛、前衛和前鋒運動員具有顯著性差異；前鋒運動員的平均最大攝氧量與前衛運動員具有顯著性差異。後衛和前鋒運動員的平均通氣無氧閾與前衛均具有顯著性差異。前衛運動員的平均最大功量與守門員、後衛、前鋒運動員具有顯著性差異；守門員的平均功量與後衛、前衛運動員存在顯著性差異；前衛運動員的平均功量與前鋒運動員存在顯著性差異；3）速度素質前鋒運動員最好，其次是後衛和前衛運動員，守門員最差；下肢力量素質守門員最好，前鋒運動員次之，後衛運動員和前衛運動員較差；耐力素質前衛最好，其次是後衛和前鋒運動員，守門員最差；柔韌素質守門員最好，其次是後衛和前衛運動員，前鋒運動員最差。結論：1）位置形態上呈現齣的差異主要與運動員的選材有關；2）位置機能上呈現齣的差異主要與他們在場上的位置角色有直接的關繫；3）位置素質上呈現齣的差彆，主要與後天訓練有較大的關繫。
족구운동원적체능특정기유기공성，우유기위치차이성。운용문헌자료조연、전가방담、체육측량、수리통계등방법종신체형태、신체궤능이급운동소질3개방면대중국국가대남자족구운동원적위치체능특정진행료연구，결과표명，1）수문원적평균신고、체중화극탁래지수여기타위치운동원적상응지표구유비상현저성차이；후위운동원적평균체중화극탁래지수균여전위운동원구유현저성차이；2）수문원적평균최대섭양량여후위、전위화전봉운동원구유현저성차이；전봉운동원적평균최대섭양량여전위운동원구유현저성차이。후위화전봉운동원적평균통기무양역여전위균구유현저성차이。전위운동원적평균최대공량여수문원、후위、전봉운동원구유현저성차이；수문원적평균공량여후위、전위운동원존재현저성차이；전위운동원적평균공량여전봉운동원존재현저성차이；3）속도소질전봉운동원최호，기차시후위화전위운동원，수문원최차；하지역량소질수문원최호，전봉운동원차지，후위운동원화전위운동원교차；내력소질전위최호，기차시후위화전봉운동원，수문원최차；유인소질수문원최호，기차시후위화전위운동원，전봉운동원최차。결론：1）위치형태상정현출적차이주요여운동원적선재유관；2）위치궤능상정현출적차이주요여타문재장상적위치각색유직접적관계；3）위치소질상정현출적차별，주요여후천훈련유교대적관계。
Characteristics of physical ability of football players have both its commonness and its position difference. Through using the methods of literature review, expert interview, sport measurement and data statistics, this paper makes a study on the characteristics of position physical ability of China national men＇s football players. The results indicate that ： 1 ） There is significant difference on average height, weight and quetlet index between goalkeepers and players at other positions. The average weight and quetlet index of back players has significant difference with midfielders. 2）There is significant difference on average VO2 max among goalkeepers, back players, midfielders and forward players, the average VO2 max of forward players has significant difference with midfielders. The average VO2 AT of back and forward players has significant difference with midfielders. The average of peak power of midfielders has significant difference with goalkeepers, back and forward players. The average of peak power of goalkeepers has significant difference with back players and midfielders. The average of peak power of midfielders has significant difference with forward players. 3） For speed quality, the forward players are the best, followed by the back players and the midfielders, the goalkeeper is the worst. For lower extremity strength quality, goalkeeper is the best, followed by forward players, the back players and the midfielders are poor. Endurance quality midfielders best, followed by the back and forward players, the goalkeeper is the worst. Flexible quality goalkeeper best, followed by the back players and midfielder, forward player is the worst. Major study concludes as follows： 1）The differences of body shape are mainly relevant to selection of ath letes. 2）The differences of body function are mainly relevant to position role of the players. 3） The differences of sports quality are mainly relevant to acquired training.
