法学研究
法學研究
법학연구
Cass Journal of Law
2012年
1期
31~45
,共null页
法院调解 调解结案率 实证研究 调解政策
法院調解 調解結案率 實證研究 調解政策
법원조해 조해결안솔 실증연구 조해정책
court mediation, rate of cases settled by mediation, empirical study, mediation policy
实证研究发现，近年来无论一审、二审还是再审调解结案率都呈现曲折增长而非持续增长态势。无论一审、二审还是再审抑或婚姻家庭类案件、合同类案件还是权属侵权类案件，调解结案率一般都未超过60％。而且总体上看，一审调解结案率高于二审和再审，再审调解结案率高于二审，婚姻家庭类案件调解结案率高于合同类案件，合同类案件高于权属侵权类案件。当下中国法院调解结案率呈现如此面相，既是调解政策驱动、各法院领导重视程度不同所致，也有个案差异、案件性质不同等原因。这种“运动性”调解的负面效应在司法实践中越发凸显，未来中国应在深刻反思基础上理性对待和设计法院调解制度。
實證研究髮現，近年來無論一審、二審還是再審調解結案率都呈現麯摺增長而非持續增長態勢。無論一審、二審還是再審抑或婚姻傢庭類案件、閤同類案件還是權屬侵權類案件，調解結案率一般都未超過60％。而且總體上看，一審調解結案率高于二審和再審，再審調解結案率高于二審，婚姻傢庭類案件調解結案率高于閤同類案件，閤同類案件高于權屬侵權類案件。噹下中國法院調解結案率呈現如此麵相，既是調解政策驅動、各法院領導重視程度不同所緻，也有箇案差異、案件性質不同等原因。這種“運動性”調解的負麵效應在司法實踐中越髮凸顯，未來中國應在深刻反思基礎上理性對待和設計法院調解製度。
실증연구발현，근년래무론일심、이심환시재심조해결안솔도정현곡절증장이비지속증장태세。무론일심、이심환시재심억혹혼인가정류안건、합동류안건환시권속침권류안건，조해결안솔일반도미초과60％。이차총체상간，일심조해결안솔고우이심화재심，재심조해결안솔고우이심，혼인가정류안건조해결안솔고우합동류안건，합동류안건고우권속침권류안건。당하중국법원조해결안솔정현여차면상，기시조해정책구동、각법원령도중시정도불동소치，야유개안차이、안건성질불동등원인。저충“운동성”조해적부면효응재사법실천중월발철현，미래중국응재심각반사기출상이성대대화설계법원조해제도。
With the renaissance of mediation in China, the ultra--high rate of cases settled by court mediation in civil procedure appears on the headline of newspapers more and more frequently. Through the method of empirical study, we can find that the rate of cases settled by the way of mediation has shown winding growth rather than growing persistently no matter in the procedure of the first instance, the second instance or the retrial. At the same time, neither the rate of cases settled by mediation in the procedure of the first trial, the second trial and the retrial, nor the mediation rate of the cases on marriage and family, the cases regarding contract and the cases of torts is over 60% in general. And on the whole, the rate of cases settled by mediation in the first trial is higher than that in the second trial and in the retrial, and the rate in the retrial is higher than that in the second trial. In addition, the mediation rate of marriage and family cases is higher than that of contract cases, while the mediation rate of contract cases is higher than that of tort cases. In present China, the reasbn why the rate of cases settled by the method of court mediation presents this face is the drive of the mediation policy, the different importance attached to mediation by the leaders of different courts in different areas of China, the diversity of characteristics and nature of the handled cases, and so on. The negative effects of this kind of ＂movement＂ of mediation become more and more obvious in the judicial practice. In the future, China should handle the issue rationally and design the court mediation system on the basis of profound reflection.
