CAJ | 학술논문

本研究以小学高年级学生为被试,选取高熟悉度的具体名词组成的联结词对为实验材料,考察不同判断模式下学习判断的准确性及预见偏差。研究发现：（1）小学高年级学生的学习判断绝对准确性存在年级差异。总体来看,小学六年级学生在即时判断和延迟判断模式下都具有较好的绝对准确性,而四年级和五年级学生在即时判断时出现显著的高估,而在延迟判断模式下具有较好的绝对准确性。具体分析正向词对和反向词对的准确性发现,在即时判断模式下,五、六年级学生的正向联结词对有较好的准确性,而四年级的正向联结词对出现高估;三个年级的学生的反向词对都出现高估。在延迟判断模式下,三个年级学生在正向词对和反向词对上都有较好的准确性。（2）小学五年级学生的学习判断开始出现预见偏差。（3）延迟判断能够提高小学高年级学生的学习判断准确性,减小甚至消除预见偏差。
본연구이소학고년급학생위피시,선취고숙실도적구체명사조성적련결사대위실험재료,고찰불동판단모식하학습판단적준학성급예견편차。연구발현：（1）소학고년급학생적학습판단절대준학성존재년급차이。총체래간,소학륙년급학생재즉시판단화연지판단모식하도구유교호적절대준학성,이사년급화오년급학생재즉시판단시출현현저적고고,이재연지판단모식하구유교호적절대준학성。구체분석정향사대화반향사대적준학성발현,재즉시판단모식하,오、륙년급학생적정향련결사대유교호적준학성,이사년급적정향련결사대출현고고;삼개년급적학생적반향사대도출현고고。재연지판단모식하,삼개년급학생재정향사대화반향사대상도유교호적준학성。（2）소학오년급학생적학습판단개시출현예견편차。（3）연지판단능구제고소학고년급학생적학습판단준학성,감소심지소제예견편차。
In the present study, 4 - 6th graders of primary school participated in the experiment, and the concrete noun pairs were selected as experimental materials. Experiment 1 explored the foresight bias of immediate JOLs. In experiment 1, subjects were instructed that they would have to study 30 paired associates and would have to indicate their JOLs about each pair as soon as it disappeared from the screen. They were told that in the test phase, they would see each stimulus word in turn and would be asked to recall the corresponding response word. Experiment 2 explored the foresight bias of delayed JOLs. The conclusions are that （ 1 ） there are age differences in the absolute accuracy of immediate JOLs. Specially, age differences are different in the forward and backward associations. （2） There are age differences in the foresight bias. When students making immediate JOL, there were foresight biases in the JOLs of fifth and sixth graders, but not in the JOLs of fourth-graders. （3） Foresight bias induces students to overestimate their memory. Delayed JOL can reduce the foresight bias.