心理学报
心理學報
심이학보
Acta Psychologica Sinica
2012年
1期
63~75
,共null页
说明文 因果序列 文本表征
說明文 因果序列 文本錶徵
설명문 인과서렬 문본표정
expository; causal sequence; text representation
结合自定步调阅读与句子启动再认范式,探讨说明文阅读过程中因果序列的表征问题。研究包括3个实验,实验1的文本提供一个包括4个概念的因果链(如,A—B—C—D),文本最后设置包含概念A或概念B或概念C的句子,对概念D进行探测,结果发现,对于概念D的再认启动作用,概念C〉概念B〉概念A;实验2改变因果链的说明顺序,使之与因果链本身次序不一致,结果与实验1一致;实验3的文本分别介绍两条独立的因果链(如A—B—C;D—E—F),最后呈现包含概念A或概念D的句子,对概念C进行探测,结果发现,包含概念A的句子理解启动了相关因果链,使读者对随后呈现的概念C的再认反应加快。基于本研究结果,结合相关研究,本文尝试提出说明文文本表征的建构模式。
結閤自定步調閱讀與句子啟動再認範式,探討說明文閱讀過程中因果序列的錶徵問題。研究包括3箇實驗,實驗1的文本提供一箇包括4箇概唸的因果鏈(如,A—B—C—D),文本最後設置包含概唸A或概唸B或概唸C的句子,對概唸D進行探測,結果髮現,對于概唸D的再認啟動作用,概唸C〉概唸B〉概唸A;實驗2改變因果鏈的說明順序,使之與因果鏈本身次序不一緻,結果與實驗1一緻;實驗3的文本分彆介紹兩條獨立的因果鏈(如A—B—C;D—E—F),最後呈現包含概唸A或概唸D的句子,對概唸C進行探測,結果髮現,包含概唸A的句子理解啟動瞭相關因果鏈,使讀者對隨後呈現的概唸C的再認反應加快。基于本研究結果,結閤相關研究,本文嘗試提齣說明文文本錶徵的建構模式。
결합자정보조열독여구자계동재인범식,탐토설명문열독과정중인과서렬적표정문제。연구포괄3개실험,실험1적문본제공일개포괄4개개념적인과련(여,A—B—C—D),문본최후설치포함개념A혹개념B혹개념C적구자,대개념D진행탐측,결과발현,대우개념D적재인계동작용,개념C〉개념B〉개념A;실험2개변인과련적설명순서,사지여인과련본신차서불일치,결과여실험1일치;실험3적문본분별개소량조독립적인과련(여A—B—C;D—E—F),최후정현포함개념A혹개념D적구자,대개념C진행탐측,결과발현,포함개념A적구자리해계동료상관인과련,사독자대수후정현적개념C적재인반응가쾌。기우본연구결과,결합상관연구,본문상시제출설명문문본표정적건구모식。
Text comprehension is viewed as the construction of a mental representation of the situation described by the text. Based on the evidence from narrative comprehension, Zwaan et. al., (1995) have proposed an event-indexing model of text comprehension. According to the model, during comprehension, readers construct their representations from five indexes: time, space, causality, intentionality, and agent. Actually, these five indexes are corresponding to the framework of an event, and the model fits the comprehension of narrative that usually involves creating a mental representation of the states of affairs described by the text. In view of both theoretical consensus and the evidence from narrative text experiments, it is somewhat surprising that evidence for the construction and the structure of representation is not clear when comprehension of expository text is considered. There has been much less research using expository than there has been using narrative texts, and a major issue concerning these studies has been the effect of knowledge map on the processing of expository. During expository comprehension, knowledge map was more helpful for the participants who without interrelated domain knowledge than the participants who with some interrelated domain knowledge in the construction of the representation. Based on the systematic analysis of previous theories and evidences from text reprehension in the reading of narrative and expository text, it raised a question that whether the construction of text representation can be realized in expository comprehension like that in the narrative reading. This research was designed to throw some light on the question. We examine the status of construction and the structure of mental representation of expository text about familiar topics. Three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 was to explore whether participants construct the representation of causal sequence presented in the expository. Experiment 2 varied the order of the description to make it differ from the inherent order of the causal sequence. In Experiment 3, two causal sequences were provided. Participants read the short expository on familiar topic and finished a probe task after reading each passage. All materials were presented on a monitor controlled by computer. Participants read the passages in a self-paced manner, advancing the text one line at a time by pressing the space bar. Participants were instructed to read carefully so that they would be able to judge whether the probe word appeared in the text. The reaction times for the probe followed by the prime sentence were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that in the reading of expository on familiar topics, mental representation was constructed based on the causal relation, rather than the surface relation, the representation of the expository about a causal chain was organized with the causal order, but not affected by the descriptive order, the corresponding causal relations were grasped if the content illuminated more than one causal chain. The present findings indicate that the construction of representation of causal sequence can be realized in comprehending expository on familiar topics. Also, the evidence implied the pattern of causal representation of expository text.