CAJ | 학술논문

南宋一朝，在理学内因和社会政治两方面的作用下，理学士人居乡化态势日趋明显。朱熹是南宋杰出的理学大儒，也是南宋居乡士人的典型代表。他行道乡邑，积极参与地方事务，努力构建理学框架下的基层秩序。以朱熹为中心，其亲友弟子中逐渐形成了一个规模较大的居乡士人群体，在乡闾建设中发挥着重要的社会作用。对地方政府而言，他们是稳定地方、和谐乡里的优佳辅翼者；对基层民众而言，他们是下情上达、济贫恤困的有力护翼者。作为持道秉义、代表时代发展趋势的“第三种力量”，他们不断扩大着自身对基层社会的影响力度，在乡闾间进行潜移默化的改造，将理学家的社会理想落到实处，不仅为理学在基层的深入拓宽了空间，同时也基本定型了居乡理学士人的行为模式和发展方向。
남송일조，재이학내인화사회정치량방면적작용하，이학사인거향화태세일추명현。주희시남송걸출적이학대유，야시남송거향사인적전형대표。타행도향읍，적겁삼여지방사무，노력구건이학광가하적기층질서。이주희위중심，기친우제자중축점형성료일개규모교대적거향사인군체，재향려건설중발휘착중요적사회작용。대지방정부이언，타문시은정지방、화해향리적우가보익자；대기층민음이언，타문시하정상체、제빈휼곤적유력호익자。작위지도병의、대표시대발전추세적“제삼충역량”，타문불단확대착자신대기층사회적영향력도，재향려간진행잠이묵화적개조，장이학가적사회이상락도실처，불부위이학재기층적심입탁관료공간，동시야기본정형료거향이학사인적행위모식화발전방향。
Zhu Xi is a famous Neo-Confucian in the Southern Song Dynasty, and a excellent local gentleman as well as. He took part in local business and remoulded construction to the best of his ability. Under the influence of doctrine and politics , the followers of Zhu Xi living in rural district had increased continually and had great effect on local affairs. As ＂the third force＂, Neo-Confueians in the Southern Song Dynasty assumed more and more important responsibility for society. Zhu Xi and his followers not only stabilized local order to support government, but also gave relief aid to poor people. At the same time, They expanded living-space for the poor by establishing store-houses widely and therefore moderated acute conflict between officers and people in rural socitey efficiently. As the scholars faith in Dao, They imparted confucian doctrine to local gentlemen and educated pepople to abide by standard of neo-confucianism steadily. Although they were not provided with political rights, Zhu Xi and his followers made effort to strengthen the impact of Neo- Confucianism on various strata in society and orientate Neo-Confucianism to ensure the implementation of Dao in rural district. Most of all, They fixed the practical regulations of Dao to late-comers and projected Neo-Confucianism in the future basically.