中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2012年
3期
118~123
,共null页
汪小勇 万玉秋 姜文 缪旭波 朱晓东
汪小勇 萬玉鞦 薑文 繆旭波 硃曉東
왕소용 만옥추 강문 무욱파 주효동
跨界污染 大气污染 环境监管 启示
跨界汙染 大氣汙染 環境鑑管 啟示
과계오염 대기오염 배경감관 계시
transboundary pollution; air pollution; environment monitor; suggestion
大气污染因其污染因子易受气候变化等影响,可进行长距离跨界传输.是典型的跨行政边界问题。我园地域辽阔。行政区域众多且与多个国家接壤或比邻。跨界污染问题研究十分必要。近年来,我国区域性大气污染问题明显,管理手段落后.缺乏相应管理体制和机制。美国在跨界大气环境管理方面取得了最著的成果,积累了丰富的经验,这对我国大气环境管理,尤其是跨界大气环境管理工作具有重要的借鉴意义。本文首先以美国大气跨界污染治理为例,结合具体实例。主要从机构设置、职畿职责、运作方式三个方面详细分析了州内、州与州与之间以及跨国界三个层次跨界大气环境监管体系;其次,从上述几方面对我国与美国跨区域大气环境监管机制进行逐项比较分析;再次。对我国跨区域大气环境监管体系障碍分析认为,统分结合的环境管理体制和尚未建立区域联防联控机制是借鉴发达国家跨界大气环境监管经验的主要障碍;在此基础上,针对我国的跨区域大气环境管理工作提出5个方面的建议,即成立跨区域的权力机构;加强政府区域闻协调合作;强化依法治理;多种管理手段综合应用;加强信息公开和公众参与。
大氣汙染因其汙染因子易受氣候變化等影響,可進行長距離跨界傳輸.是典型的跨行政邊界問題。我園地域遼闊。行政區域衆多且與多箇國傢接壤或比鄰。跨界汙染問題研究十分必要。近年來,我國區域性大氣汙染問題明顯,管理手段落後.缺乏相應管理體製和機製。美國在跨界大氣環境管理方麵取得瞭最著的成果,積纍瞭豐富的經驗,這對我國大氣環境管理,尤其是跨界大氣環境管理工作具有重要的藉鑒意義。本文首先以美國大氣跨界汙染治理為例,結閤具體實例。主要從機構設置、職畿職責、運作方式三箇方麵詳細分析瞭州內、州與州與之間以及跨國界三箇層次跨界大氣環境鑑管體繫;其次,從上述幾方麵對我國與美國跨區域大氣環境鑑管機製進行逐項比較分析;再次。對我國跨區域大氣環境鑑管體繫障礙分析認為,統分結閤的環境管理體製和尚未建立區域聯防聯控機製是藉鑒髮達國傢跨界大氣環境鑑管經驗的主要障礙;在此基礎上,針對我國的跨區域大氣環境管理工作提齣5箇方麵的建議,即成立跨區域的權力機構;加彊政府區域聞協調閤作;彊化依法治理;多種管理手段綜閤應用;加彊信息公開和公衆參與。
대기오염인기오염인자역수기후변화등영향,가진행장거리과계전수.시전형적과행정변계문제。아완지역료활。행정구역음다차여다개국가접양혹비린。과계오염문제연구십분필요。근년래,아국구역성대기오염문제명현,관리수단락후.결핍상응관리체제화궤제。미국재과계대기배경관리방면취득료최저적성과,적루료봉부적경험,저대아국대기배경관리,우기시과계대기배경관리공작구유중요적차감의의。본문수선이미국대기과계오염치리위례,결합구체실례。주요종궤구설치、직기직책、운작방식삼개방면상세분석료주내、주여주여지간이급과국계삼개층차과계대기배경감관체계;기차,종상술궤방면대아국여미국과구역대기배경감관궤제진행축항비교분석;재차。대아국과구역대기배경감관체계장애분석인위,통분결합적배경관리체제화상미건립구역련방련공궤제시차감발체국가과계대기배경감관경험적주요장애;재차기출상,침대아국적과구역대기배경관리공작제출5개방면적건의,즉성립과구역적권력궤구;가강정부구역문협조합작;강화의법치리;다충관리수단종합응용;가강신식공개화공음삼여。
Air pollution is a transboundary problem, disregarding political boundaries, as prevailing winds and weather patterns move pollutants over long distances. The territory of China is vast and there are many administrative regions, with a number of other countries bordering on our country, so it is necessary to carry out research into transboundary pollution. In recent years, more regional air pollution issues appear, but the management level is backward and relative management system and mechanism have not been established. The United States has gained remarkable achievements and experience in the management of transboundary air environment management. These achievements and experience could be used as references for the air environment management in China, especially for the management of transboundary air. First, using case studies of the United States, we examine air pollution monitoring mechanism by agent setting, functions and duties, and mode of operation at three regional scales : within states, among states, and across national borders. Second,the pape compares transboundary mechanisms for atmospheric environment of China and the United States. Third, China' s main barriers borrow the experience of transboundany management for air pollution of the developed Countries are the current environmental system of unified management combined with indepedent management and no joint control mechanism of the zone defense. On the basis of above analyses, the paper puts forward following suggestions for the air environment management in China: establish transboundary authority, strengthen coordination and cooperation among regional governments, strengthen the rule by law, integrated comprehensively integrate the application of a variety of management tools, and strengthen information disclosure and encourage the public participation.