CAJ | 학술논문

明代是否存在“京报”以及“京报”的性质问题，一直是新闻史学界长期关注的话题。此前，作为文献史料，仅限于清人俞正燮《癸巳存稿》中的一则材料。当代新闻史学者对史料的发掘又有了一些新的进展，如方汉奇、姚福申等先生的考察，但也多限于小说、戏曲等文学作品的描述。笔者最近从元明时期的文献中考得关于“京报”的若干材料。认为：从词源学的角度看，“京报”一词最早产生于元代。作为报纸的形态，明代的“京报”已经存在，而且明代人所称的“京报”包括两种不同性质的类型：一类是指封建政府的官报——邸报，一类是民间报房的私报～一小报。明代“京报”具有的双重性质，可能是由于阅读者的“误读”造成的。
명대시부존재“경보”이급“경보”적성질문제，일직시신문사학계장기관주적화제。차전，작위문헌사료，부한우청인유정섭《계사존고》중적일칙재료。당대신문사학자대사료적발굴우유료일사신적진전，여방한기、요복신등선생적고찰，단야다한우소설、희곡등문학작품적묘술。필자최근종원명시기적문헌중고득관우“경보”적약간재료。인위：종사원학적각도간，“경보”일사최조산생우원대。작위보지적형태，명대적“경보”이경존재，이차명대인소칭적“경보”포괄량충불동성질적류형：일류시지봉건정부적관보——저보，일류시민간보방적사보～일소보。명대“경보”구유적쌍중성질，가능시유우열독자적“오독”조성적。
The existence of ＂JingBao＂of Ming Dynasty has been a topic of concern of historians. Previously, there was only one historical data named ＂GuiSi Manuscript＂ written by Yu Zhengxie. Contemporary historians have some historical data to explore some new progress, but they are limited to fictions, dramas and other literary works of the description. I recently managed to get a number of materials of Yuan and Ming Dynasties about the ＂JingBao＂. From the etymological point of view, the term of ＂JingBao＂originated in the Yuan Dynasty. As a form of newspaper, the ＂ JingBao＂ already existed in Ming Dynasty, and included two different types： feudal government＇s official newspaper and private newspaper. The＂JingBao＂of Ming Dynasty has a dual nature, mainly caused by the ＂misreading＂ of the readers.