CAJ | 학술논문

用古是诗歌语言保守倾向的典型体现之一，是汉英诗歌语言共同存在的现象。通过对19、20世纪英语的商籁诗和汉语的七律诗比较发现，用古在汉英诗歌中的总体表现形式（即用古在词汇、语法、语音三个语言层面上的体现）和文体功能是相似的。不同之处在于：语法上，英诗的用古主要体现于使用中古英语的代词系统及其动词屈折形式，汉诗的用古则体现在几乎对整个文言文语法系统的继承上；语音上，英诗的用古主要表现在某些词汇音节的增减以及为适应尾韵而改变单词的发音，汉诗的用古则表现为遵循中古时代的读音规则；有无用典要求也是汉英诗歌用古的重要差别。
용고시시가어언보수경향적전형체현지일，시한영시가어언공동존재적현상。통과대19、20세기영어적상뢰시화한어적칠률시비교발현，용고재한영시가중적총체표현형식（즉용고재사회、어법、어음삼개어언층면상적체현）화문체공능시상사적。불동지처재우：어법상，영시적용고주요체현우사용중고영어적대사계통급기동사굴절형식，한시적용고칙체현재궤호대정개문언문어법계통적계승상；어음상，영시적용고주요표현재모사사회음절적증감이급위괄응미운이개변단사적발음，한시적용고칙표현위준순중고시대적독음규칙；유무용전요구야시한영시가용고적중요차별。
Archaism, preserved in both Chinese and English poems, typifies the ＂conservative trends＂ of poetic language. Based on a comparison between English sonnets and Chinese seven-syllable-verses, this paper demonstrates that, with respect to archaism, Chinese and English poems exhibit striking similarities in both stylistic functions and forms of expression （ that is, their manifestation on three linguistic levels： phonological, lexical, and grammatical）. Marked differences are present in three aspects. First, grammatically, archaism in English poems mainly finds its expression in the system of pronouns and verbal inflections, whereas that in Chinese is embodied by the full inheritance of the syntactic system of classical Chinese. Second, phonologically, English archaism chiefly involves altering the number of syllables with a lexical item to meet the requirements of a meter, while Chinese archaism lies in the obedience to the prescription of medieval rhyme system. Third, the use of allusions is a matter of choice in English poetry while it is a compulsory obligation in its Chinese counterpart.