CAJ | 학술논문

退休问题涉及广大劳动者的权益，为政府所关心，近年来关于退休年龄的研究随着我国老龄化问题的逐渐显现而越来越受重视。本研究从个体劳动者的微观角度探讨经济收入和健康状况对退休期望的影响，并收集了4971份有效问卷进行实证研究。结果表明，经济收人与退休期望有正相关关系，劳动者的健康状况也正向影响退休期望。并且，经济收入对退休期望的影响还受劳动者的健康状况所调节，良好的健康状况放大了经济收入对退休期望的正向影响，从而表现出健康状况正向调节经济收入与退休期望的关系。本研究结果对我国公共管理部门和企业界有重要指导意义。
퇴휴문제섭급엄대노동자적권익，위정부소관심，근년래관우퇴휴년령적연구수착아국노령화문제적축점현현이월래월수중시。본연구종개체노동자적미관각도탐토경제수입화건강상황대퇴휴기망적영향，병수집료4971빈유효문권진행실증연구。결과표명，경제수인여퇴휴기망유정상관관계，노동자적건강상황야정향영향퇴휴기망。병차，경제수입대퇴휴기망적영향환수노동자적건강상황소조절，량호적건강상황방대료경제수입대퇴휴기망적정향영향，종이표현출건강상황정향조절경제수입여퇴휴기망적관계。본연구결과대아국공공관리부문화기업계유중요지도의의。
The age of retirement involves a number of workers＇ rights. Recently, research on retirement issues gradually catches attentions with China＇s population aging. Throughout the previous studies, most of them explore retirement age from macro perspectives like population age structure, labor force market and social security funds, or conduct post hoc analysis on the retirement age of retirees. Few studies explore the influencing factors of retirement expectation of an individual worker from a microscopic point of view, empirical studies on retirement expectation of in-service workers are also particularly scarce. In fact, retirement expectation is an important predictor for actual retirement age, and studies have shown that retirement expectation is consistent with the actual observed retirement behavior, and therefore retirement expectation can accurately predict retirement behavior. Income and health are two important factors determining an individual＇s retirement expectation, because the primary problem retirees will confront is economic problem as an individual will weigh the income at working and the age pension on retirement when making a retirement plan, and evaluate whether he/she can maintain the equivalent standard of living on retirement. Furthermore, health is another decisive factor affecting whether an individual will exit the labor market, namely, the weaker a person is the earlier he/she will withdraw from the labor market. But currently, a majority of studies explore retirement expectation respectively from these two factors, and few studies investigate retirement expectation from these two factors at the same time, still few discuss the interaction effect of income and health on retirement expectation. This study suggests that a worker＇s health status not only directly impact retirement expectation but also adjust the relationship between income and retirement expectation. This study carried out large-scale enterprise staff survey in five southern provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and a total of 4971 valid questionnaires were collected. We applied SPSS15.0 to make stepwise multiple regression analysis and tested the interaction effect of health on income and retirement expecta- tion. Tile results show that income is positively correlated to the retirement age, and health is also an important factor positively influencing the retirement age. Moreover, the relationship between income and retirement age is interacted by a worker＇s health, that is, to be in a good state of health magnifies the positive impact of income on retirement age, and thus health positively interacts the relationship between income and retirement age. With the stand-out of population aging in recent years, government of many countries have attached great attentions on retaining senior workers to keep working on their jobs, because their knowledge and untransferable experience are important for their organizations, and this measure can also prolong the period of workers paying age pensions. Based on this, the results of this study have important implications for public administrations and business communities. According to the results of this study, in order to deal with the grim situation of labor undersupply incurred by population aging, the government can make efforts from two aspects as to improve the health and income of workers. On the one hand, a healthy body ensures the condition of the workers to continue making contribution to society, on the other hand, the economic incentive of income ensures the workers＇ enthusiasm for work. From these two aspects, the government can effectively combine individual conditions with individual will or enthusiasm, and at the same time, appropriately extend the retirement age of workers with good physical health, so that to establish a good institutional condition for them to keep working, which just meet their willing to save through working, and can also enrich the labor supply of China, and to ease the labor supply pressure on entering into an aging society.