CAJ | 학술논문

本文运用湖北省恩施州的农户调查数据，系统地研究了家庭禀赋对农民工回流及回流后自主创业的影响。实证分析发现，家庭禀赋能够提升劳动力回流农村后的个人发展能力，对农民工回流以及回流后自主创业都有着重要的影响。与没有外出务工经历的农村劳动力相比，回流劳动力在农村可以更好地利用家庭禀赋，以获得更高的经济效率和投资回报，这也正是导致部分农民工回流农村的主要原因。丰富的家庭经济资本、家庭社会资本和家庭自然资本对于农民工回流有着促进作用，尤其会增加农民工回流后自主创业的可能性。通过家庭禀赋对农民工回流及返乡创业的积极效应，也反映出在农民工回流和返乡创业的过程中农村市场化的滞后和社会支持的不足。各级政府需要加大力度，构建完善的社会支持体系搭建好农民工返乡创业的平台。
본문운용호북성은시주적농호조사수거，계통지연구료가정품부대농민공회류급회류후자주창업적영향。실증분석발현，가정품부능구제승노동력회류농촌후적개인발전능력，대농민공회류이급회류후자주창업도유착중요적영향。여몰유외출무공경력적농촌노동력상비，회류노동력재농촌가이경호지이용가정품부，이획득경고적경제효솔화투자회보，저야정시도치부분농민공회류농촌적주요원인。봉부적가정경제자본、가정사회자본화가정자연자본대우농민공회류유착촉진작용，우기회증가농민공회류후자주창업적가능성。통과가정품부대농민공회류급반향창업적적겁효응，야반영출재농민공회류화반향창업적과정중농촌시장화적체후화사회지지적불족。각급정부수요가대력도，구건완선적사회지지체계탑건호농민공반향창업적평태。
Labor mobility is the inevitable outcome of industrialization and optimum distribution of resources during the process of non-agriculturalization, and is the driven force of urbanization and modernization. After reform and opening up, spectacular rural-urban and regional migration driven by export-oriented economy not only promotes urbanization, but creates opportunity for new rural communities＇ construction. However, the migration pattern of Chinese rural-urban migrants is significantly different from that of other countries where the migrants become new urban citizen. The majority of Chinese rural-urban migrants migrants＂, which causes the level of urbanization in our country are in short term migration process called ＂circular lagging behind that of industrialization. The trend of semi-urbanization tends to become everlasting and permanent. This is a big challenge to the social development and the transformation of the social structure in China. As large-scale rural-urban migration did not begin in China until the mid-1980s, urban -rural return migration is a relatively recent phenomenon and research on return migration is relatively scant. Still, several recent studies have shown that urban-rural return migration is quite prevalent. However, the body of research on return migration is small and we have little empirical information on who the returnees are and how they made their decisions. In the empirical analysis below, we aim at examining the selectivity of return migration and illustrating how return reasons can shed light on our arguments. This paper, which is based on 1598 farmer samples and 62 villages samples drawn from Hubei provinces, fo- cuses on how the farmer＇ s household endowments influence the returning and venture of rural labor. Firstly, we establish a micro model for explaining the return migration and analyzing how the labor, given the family endowment changes the expect of migration and the return on investment, responds to institutional constraints and improves their long-term welfare through the multi-directional migration decision. And then it uses methods of Econometrics and the relevant data from the results of surveys undertaken in rural area by the writer, to set up multi-line regressive models, which proves theoretical model and the conclusion. Based on the study above, this paper finds out that there is the Family Endowment Effect. With effective use of family endowments, the returner can get more return on investment at home. It is the major way for capability development to achieve, after they return. The farmer＇ s Economic capital and natural capital, as well as the social capital of the returner will play very important roles in influencing the migrant workers＂ willingness to venture. The internal mechanism of family endowments effect on the labor returning. Regarding the method of neoclassicism, on the one hand, the former studies mainly adopted individual as their subject, while in this paper, from the view of new household economics, it uses family endowments as subjects. It especially studies how family endowments affect labor return. Through analyzing the impact of family endowments on labor return, the effect of the family endowments on developing of person is estimated. Based on the study above, this paper finds out that there is the Family Endowment Effect. With effective use of family endowments, the returner can get more return on investment at home. It is also the major way for capability development to achieve, after they return. In addition, the other motive for return is that the possibility of accumulating human capital and economic capital abroad which is only earnings-effective back home. And then, it also analyzes the process and mechanism of capability re-creation, especially analyzes the role of family endowments in the process of capability re-creation. Overall, the social support and personal attitude are very important for recreating personal development capability. Governments at all levels need to construct perfect social support system, and set up good platform for returner workers to venture.