中国工业经济
中國工業經濟
중국공업경제
China Industrial Economy
2012年
3期
134~146
,共null页
产业国际竞争力 显示性技术附加值 “质”的评价 “量”的评价 电子通讯设备产业
產業國際競爭力 顯示性技術附加值 “質”的評價 “量”的評價 電子通訊設備產業
산업국제경쟁력 현시성기술부가치 “질”적평개 “량”적평개 전자통신설비산업
industrial international competitiveness; revealed technological value-added; measurement by quality; measurement by quantity; electronic and communications equipment
鉴于即使属于同一个产业，产业内各贸易品的技术附加值也有显著不同，本文认为单纯使用以贸易规模为基础的评价指标。会高估以偏低技术含量产品为主的特定国家某产业国际竞争力．并低估以高技术含量产品为主的特定国家某产业国际竞争力。因此，本文引入显示性技术附加值（RTV）方法．以电子通讯设备产业为例，对其下属各类贸易品赋权，并据此计算包括中国在内的六个国家和地区的产业技术高度水平（TL），发现中国该产业的国际竞争力并没有贸易规模类指标所显示的那么理想．且产业内长期处于进口高技术含量产品、出口低技术含量产品的“技术逆差”状态，国际竞争力仍与美日等国存在较大差距。本文提出．以进出口规模为基础的经典指标是在评价产业国际竞争力的“量”．而融入了技术附加值的创新性指标是在评价产业国际竞争力的“质”．后者能比前者更加精准地衡量真实的产业国际竞争力水平。
鑒于即使屬于同一箇產業，產業內各貿易品的技術附加值也有顯著不同，本文認為單純使用以貿易規模為基礎的評價指標。會高估以偏低技術含量產品為主的特定國傢某產業國際競爭力．併低估以高技術含量產品為主的特定國傢某產業國際競爭力。因此，本文引入顯示性技術附加值（RTV）方法．以電子通訊設備產業為例，對其下屬各類貿易品賦權，併據此計算包括中國在內的六箇國傢和地區的產業技術高度水平（TL），髮現中國該產業的國際競爭力併沒有貿易規模類指標所顯示的那麽理想．且產業內長期處于進口高技術含量產品、齣口低技術含量產品的“技術逆差”狀態，國際競爭力仍與美日等國存在較大差距。本文提齣．以進齣口規模為基礎的經典指標是在評價產業國際競爭力的“量”．而融入瞭技術附加值的創新性指標是在評價產業國際競爭力的“質”．後者能比前者更加精準地衡量真實的產業國際競爭力水平。
감우즉사속우동일개산업，산업내각무역품적기술부가치야유현저불동，본문인위단순사용이무역규모위기출적평개지표。회고고이편저기술함양산품위주적특정국가모산업국제경쟁력．병저고이고기술함양산품위주적특정국가모산업국제경쟁력。인차，본문인입현시성기술부가치（RTV）방법．이전자통신설비산업위례，대기하속각류무역품부권，병거차계산포괄중국재내적륙개국가화지구적산업기술고도수평（TL），발현중국해산업적국제경쟁력병몰유무역규모류지표소현시적나요이상．차산업내장기처우진구고기술함양산품、출구저기술함양산품적“기술역차”상태，국제경쟁력잉여미일등국존재교대차거。본문제출．이진출구규모위기출적경전지표시재평개산업국제경쟁력적“량”．이융입료기술부가치적창신성지표시재평개산업국제경쟁력적“질”．후자능비전자경가정준지형량진실적산업국제경쟁력수평。
Given the fact that the technology value-added of each commodity within an industry is significantly different, even they belong to the same hi-tech industry, we think that the indexes based on trade size will overvalue the competitiveness of the industry which consists of lower technology value-added products, and undervalue the competitiveness of the industry which consists of higher technology value-added products. For this reason, our paper introduces revealed technological value-added （RTV） method, and takes electronic and communications equipment industry as an example. After calculating technological value-added of each sub-classes for weight use, we identify different industrial technology level （TL） for six countries or region including China. By this way we find that the international competitiveness of China＇s electronic and communications equipment industry is not so outstanding as trade size indexes show. In fact, it has been in a ＂technological deficit＂ status for a long period, which means China imports equipment with high technological value-added and exports equipment with low technological value-added. There is still a large gap between China＇s international competitiveness and that of the U.S. and Japan. By empirical results we hold that RCA and CA indexes which base on import ＆ export size measure competitiveness from ＂quantity＂ aspect, TL （export） and TL （net export） which integrate RTV measure competitiveness from ＂quality＂ aspect. The latter method could value industrial international competitiveness more accurately.
