CAJ | 학술논문

方法论个体主义和方法论集体主义的分歧源于社会理论中的能动性与结构问题。方法论个体主义体现了一个极端，即强调行为主体而不是社会结构，是一种试图仅用个体相关的方式处理社会结构、制度和其他总体现象的方式。方法论集体主义体现了另一个极端，强调整体结构而不是个体，认为所有个体倾向或行为能够也应当从社会的、结构的、文化的或者制度的现象中得到解释。这两个极端都有其缺陷：个体主义否定结构影响，不承认多层次系统中存在着不同的“质”层级，集体主义对改变个体的过程和机制也未给予充分的关注。而对这两者的超越与综合则包括了结构化理论、批判实在论、凡勃伦制度主义、奥地利传统的互动主义以及基于现代系统论的系统主义等。结构化理论和批判实在论试图从实体层次上分离能动性与结构，凡勃伦制度主义和互动主义试图从不同的角度解释能动性与结构之间的双向因果关系，系统主义则采用系统论的思考方式，强调不同层级和不同网络中的循环因果关系。
방법론개체주의화방법론집체주의적분기원우사회이론중적능동성여결구문제。방법론개체주의체현료일개겁단，즉강조행위주체이불시사회결구，시일충시도부용개체상관적방식처리사회결구、제도화기타총체현상적방식。방법론집체주의체현료령일개겁단，강조정체결구이불시개체，인위소유개체경향혹행위능구야응당종사회적、결구적、문화적혹자제도적현상중득도해석。저량개겁단도유기결함：개체주의부정결구영향，불승인다층차계통중존재착불동적“질”층급，집체주의대개변개체적과정화궤제야미급여충분적관주。이대저량자적초월여종합칙포괄료결구화이론、비판실재론、범발륜제도주의、오지리전통적호동주의이급기우현대계통론적계통주의등。결구화이론화비판실재론시도종실체층차상분리능동성여결구，범발륜제도주의화호동주의시도종불동적각도해석능동성여결구지간적쌍향인과관계，계통주의칙채용계통론적사고방식，강조불동층급화불동망락중적순배인과관계。
The divergence between methodological individualism and methodological holism originates in the proposition about agency and structure . One extreme appeared in methodological individualism, that is, emphasizing agent rather than social structures, which is a method of dealing social structures, systems and other general phenomena related to individuals. Another extreme appeared in methodological holism, that is, emphasizing integral structure rather than individuals, regarding all individual tendencies and behaviors could and should be explained from social, structural, cultural and systematical phenomena. These two extremes both have drawbacks. Individualism denies structural influence and don＇t admit that there exist levels of diffenert property in multilevel system, while holism didn＇t give adequate attention to the process and mechanism of individuals changing. The surpass and integration of the two include structuration theory, critical realism, Veblenian institutionalism and interactionism of Austria tradition and systemism based on modern systematology, etc.