中国农史
中國農史
중국농사
Agricultural History of China
2012年
1期
22~30
,共null页
汉代 中原诸郡 农耕技术选择
漢代 中原諸郡 農耕技術選擇
한대 중원제군 농경기술선택
Han dynasty; the prefectures of Central Plain; the adoption of agricuhural technology
两汉农业之发达、技术之高明已为众家所论。牛耕之推广，铁器之使用，乃至代田区田之发明，皆证明传统精耕细作体系之初成，中原诸郡之农耕技术堪为其代表。然细考文献之记载与出土之铁器可知，精耕细作技术在中原诸郡的农业生产中并非唯一选择，其原因与表现皆非常复杂。本文认为，汉代中原诸郡的农业资源与环境条件各不相同，经济与技术发展颇不平衡，因此其地旱作与稻作、牛耕与耒耜、精耕与粗放并存，交错发展，致使各地存在多样的技术组合并有复杂的表现形态。
兩漢農業之髮達、技術之高明已為衆傢所論。牛耕之推廣，鐵器之使用，迺至代田區田之髮明，皆證明傳統精耕細作體繫之初成，中原諸郡之農耕技術堪為其代錶。然細攷文獻之記載與齣土之鐵器可知，精耕細作技術在中原諸郡的農業生產中併非唯一選擇，其原因與錶現皆非常複雜。本文認為，漢代中原諸郡的農業資源與環境條件各不相同，經濟與技術髮展頗不平衡，因此其地旱作與稻作、牛耕與耒耜、精耕與粗放併存，交錯髮展，緻使各地存在多樣的技術組閤併有複雜的錶現形態。
량한농업지발체、기술지고명이위음가소론。우경지추엄，철기지사용，내지대전구전지발명，개증명전통정경세작체계지초성，중원제군지농경기술감위기대표。연세고문헌지기재여출토지철기가지，정경세작기술재중원제군적농업생산중병비유일선택，기원인여표현개비상복잡。본문인위，한대중원제군적농업자원여배경조건각불상동，경제여기술발전파불평형，인차기지한작여도작、우경여뢰사、정경여조방병존，교착발전，치사각지존재다양적기술조합병유복잡적표현형태。
The developed agricultural technology ot l-tan t~ynasty nas already, iron tools, the promotion of plow, even the invention of daitian and qutian, were used to demonstrate the begin- ning of the traditional intensive cultivation system, which came out in the prefectures of Central Plain. However, verified by historical documents and archaeological material in detail, the traditional intensive cultivation was not the sole agrotechnical adoption, which reason and performance were very complicated. This paper argues that dry farming and rice cultivation, plow and leisi, intensive and extensive cuhivation coexisted, due to the diversiform agricultural resources and environment and the unbalanced development of economic and tech- nology. That caused the variety of technical combination and the complex forms.
