中国农史
中國農史
중국농사
Agricultural History of China
2012年
1期
55~64
,共null页
化肥 有机肥。农家肥．近代农业．江南地区
化肥 有機肥。農傢肥．近代農業．江南地區
화비 유궤비。농가비．근대농업．강남지구
chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, manure, agriculture in modern times, south-eastChina
化肥作为西方农学的主要标志物，20世纪初进入中国，二三十年代在江南以及沿海省份的施用量逐渐增加，但始终处于试验及推广阶段，未能在农业生产中普遍应用。有机肥（农家肥）是中国的传统肥料，近代江南的肥料施用始终以有机肥为主体，农学家还借助西方实验科学手段研究有机肥积制及施用问题。化肥传入对当地农业生产的影响有限。外来的化肥与本土的有机肥各有优劣，化肥的销售、施用与推广，以及化肥与有机肥的配合使用等问题．引发相关农学家及管理者的关注、争论和试验研究，并逐步改变了江南地区传统的肥料观念和施肥方式．人们总结出以有机肥为主、化肥为辅的一套施肥经验。近代江南地区化肥与有机肥的应用、推广和研究的变化，从一个侧面反映出中西方农学交汇的艰难过程和历史特点，对当今倡导化肥的合理使用和有机肥的回归具有一定参考价值。
化肥作為西方農學的主要標誌物，20世紀初進入中國，二三十年代在江南以及沿海省份的施用量逐漸增加，但始終處于試驗及推廣階段，未能在農業生產中普遍應用。有機肥（農傢肥）是中國的傳統肥料，近代江南的肥料施用始終以有機肥為主體，農學傢還藉助西方實驗科學手段研究有機肥積製及施用問題。化肥傳入對噹地農業生產的影響有限。外來的化肥與本土的有機肥各有優劣，化肥的銷售、施用與推廣，以及化肥與有機肥的配閤使用等問題．引髮相關農學傢及管理者的關註、爭論和試驗研究，併逐步改變瞭江南地區傳統的肥料觀唸和施肥方式．人們總結齣以有機肥為主、化肥為輔的一套施肥經驗。近代江南地區化肥與有機肥的應用、推廣和研究的變化，從一箇側麵反映齣中西方農學交彙的艱難過程和歷史特點，對噹今倡導化肥的閤理使用和有機肥的迴歸具有一定參攷價值。
화비작위서방농학적주요표지물，20세기초진입중국，이삼십년대재강남이급연해성빈적시용량축점증가，단시종처우시험급추엄계단，미능재농업생산중보편응용。유궤비（농가비）시중국적전통비료，근대강남적비료시용시종이유궤비위주체，농학가환차조서방실험과학수단연구유궤비적제급시용문제。화비전입대당지농업생산적영향유한。외래적화비여본토적유궤비각유우렬，화비적소수、시용여추엄，이급화비여유궤비적배합사용등문제．인발상관농학가급관리자적관주、쟁론화시험연구，병축보개변료강남지구전통적비료관념화시비방식．인문총결출이유궤비위주、화비위보적일투시비경험。근대강남지구화비여유궤비적응용、추엄화연구적변화，종일개측면반영출중서방농학교회적간난과정화역사특점，대당금창도화비적합리사용화유궤비적회귀구유일정삼고개치。
Chemical fertilizer as the main marker of Western agriculture was first introduced to China in the early 20th century. During the 1920s and 1930s, its application gradually increased in the south and the coastal provinces, but was still in the experimental and promotion stage and couldn＇t be widely used in the agricultural production. Organic fertilizer （manure） is China＇s traditional fertilizer. In modern times, organic fertilizer was still the main fertilizer used in south-eastern China. Moreover, agronomists began to study the production and application of organic fertilizers by means of Western experimental science. As a result, chemical fertilizer had limited influence on the local agricultural production. Foreign fertilizer and domestic organic fertilizer have their own advantages and disadvantages. The sales, application and promotion of chemical fertilizer as well as the combination of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer had triggered the theoretical consideration, argument and experimental research from agronomists and agricultural which gradually changed the concept of traditional fertilizer and fertilization methods in South-East managers, China. Aset of experiences has been summarized, that was, mainly using the organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. The changes in the application, extension and study of Chemical and organic fertilizer in South-eastern regions reflect the difficulties and historical characteristics in the intersection process of West and China agriculture and have certain referential values for today＇ s advocacy of rational use of chemical fer- tilizes and reusing organic fertilizer.
