求是学刊
求是學刊
구시학간
Seeking Truth
2012年
2期
78~84
,共null页
“双以”原则 形式理性 证据事实 客观事实 回应型法
“雙以”原則 形式理性 證據事實 客觀事實 迴應型法
“쌍이”원칙 형식이성 증거사실 객관사실 회응형법
principle with two base; formal reason; evidence fact; objective fact; responsive type of law
在我国当下,形式理性的法律面临现实困境,即:司法裁决不能被公众认可,法律的权威和公信力也在下降。法官"以证据为根据"的裁判理念虽然符合法律实践理性的要求,然而也易引致对正义价值追求的放弃和忽视;公众则视"以客观事实为根据"为司法不言自明的正义要求。如何破解这一困局?文章对"以事实为根据,以法律为准绳"原则在我国的观念认知进行了梳理,认为该原则在公众与司法者之间存在认知差异,从而导致裁决不能被认可。回应型法的有关理论值得借鉴,它认为应以法律的目的缓和引导制度,使其不拘泥于形式主义和仪式性,以探究法律中蕴涵的公正价值。在司法裁判中,应以公正为价值,兼顾对外部社会现实的关照,建立起以"证据事实"为基础、以"客观事实"为依归的"法律真实"标准。
在我國噹下,形式理性的法律麵臨現實睏境,即:司法裁決不能被公衆認可,法律的權威和公信力也在下降。法官"以證據為根據"的裁判理唸雖然符閤法律實踐理性的要求,然而也易引緻對正義價值追求的放棄和忽視;公衆則視"以客觀事實為根據"為司法不言自明的正義要求。如何破解這一睏跼?文章對"以事實為根據,以法律為準繩"原則在我國的觀唸認知進行瞭梳理,認為該原則在公衆與司法者之間存在認知差異,從而導緻裁決不能被認可。迴應型法的有關理論值得藉鑒,它認為應以法律的目的緩和引導製度,使其不拘泥于形式主義和儀式性,以探究法律中蘊涵的公正價值。在司法裁判中,應以公正為價值,兼顧對外部社會現實的關照,建立起以"證據事實"為基礎、以"客觀事實"為依歸的"法律真實"標準。
재아국당하,형식이성적법률면림현실곤경,즉:사법재결불능피공음인가,법률적권위화공신력야재하강。법관"이증거위근거"적재판이념수연부합법률실천이성적요구,연이야역인치대정의개치추구적방기화홀시;공음칙시"이객관사실위근거"위사법불언자명적정의요구。여하파해저일곤국?문장대"이사실위근거,이법률위준승"원칙재아국적관념인지진행료소리,인위해원칙재공음여사법자지간존재인지차이,종이도치재결불능피인가。회응형법적유관이론치득차감,타인위응이법률적목적완화인도제도,사기불구니우형식주의화의식성,이탐구법률중온함적공정개치。재사법재판중,응이공정위개치,겸고대외부사회현실적관조,건립기이"증거사실"위기출、이"객관사실"위의귀적"법률진실"표준。
In contemporary China,law of formal reason is confronted with difficulty of reality,namely,the public can not accept the result of judicial verdict and the authority and credibility are declining.The verdict idea of "based on evidence" of the judge,though abiding by the requirement of legal practical reason,incurs the abandonment and neglect of the pursuit of values of justice.The public regards "based on objective fact" as self-evident.How can the difficulty be tackled? This article sorts out the cognition of the idea of "Based on Fact,Regulated by Law",believing that the difference of cognition of the principle between the public and the judge leads to the lack of acknowledgement of the verdict.Theory of responsive type of law provides worthy experiences,which believes the legal aim can gradually guide system to liberate it from formalism and rituality to probe the values of justice innate in law.In judicial verdict,the "legal truth" standard should be based on justice as well as the consideration of outer social reality which is based on "evidence fact" and "objective fact".