CAJ | 학술논문

中国既是一个人口大国，又是一个农业大国，粮食安全在国家安全系统中具有重要地位。青藏高原是一个高海拔的少数民族聚居区域，区域粮食安全有其独特性。互助土族自治县是青藏高原东北部主要的农业县之一，同时，又是国家商品粮建设基地和青海省粮、油、肉、蛋、禽生产基地，其土地利用变化对粮食安全的影响具有一定的典型性。利用互助土族自治县1986年土地利用现状详查数据，2000，2005年土地利用变更数据、2008年TM数据，在ERDAS及ArcGIS软件支持下分析了其土地利用变化态势并计算了该县最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数，对因土地利用变化引起的粮食安全问题进行分析和评估。结果表明：（1）互助县耕地总量及人均粮食产量均呈现下降趋势，这与近几年的退耕还林（草）工程、基础设施建设及人口增长相关联，而粮食单产呈现上升趋势，表明科学技术的进步在起作用。（2）从粮食生产来看，人均粮食消费水平为300kg，互助县当前粮食生产能满足其基本需求，人均粮食消费水平为400kg时，互助县当前粮食生产不能满足其基本需求，表明需要从区外调入粮食。（3）从耕地压力指教来看，近20年来，互助县最小人均耕地面积及耕地压力指数呈现持续增长态势。
중국기시일개인구대국，우시일개농업대국，양식안전재국가안전계통중구유중요지위。청장고원시일개고해발적소수민족취거구역，구역양식안전유기독특성。호조토족자치현시청장고원동북부주요적농업현지일，동시，우시국가상품량건설기지화청해성량、유、육、단、금생산기지，기토지이용변화대양식안전적영향구유일정적전형성。이용호조토족자치현1986년토지이용현상상사수거，2000，2005년토지이용변경수거、2008년TM수거，재ERDAS급ArcGIS연건지지하분석료기토지이용변화태세병계산료해현최소인균경지면적화경지압력지수，대인토지이용변화인기적양식안전문제진행분석화평고。결과표명：（1）호조현경지총량급인균양식산량균정현하강추세，저여근궤년적퇴경환림（초）공정、기출설시건설급인구증장상관련，이양식단산정현상승추세，표명과학기술적진보재기작용。（2）종양식생산래간，인균양식소비수평위300kg，호조현당전양식생산능만족기기본수구，인균양식소비수평위400kg시，호조현당전양식생산불능만족기기본수구，표명수요종구외조입양식。（3）종경지압력지교래간，근20년래，호조현최소인균경지면적급경지압력지수정현지속증장태세。
Land utilization / land cover change （LUCC） in Huzhu County were analyzed based on multi- source data including detailed survey data of land-use （1986） , and utilization alteration data （2000 and 2005 ）. Based on the statistical data of cultivated land, grain, population and other thematic data factors from 1990 to 2008 in Huzhu County, the trend of cultivated land and the influence of land use on the food safety were discussed. The results are （ 1 ） The main characteristics of the land use change are the obvious reduction of the existing farm and pasture lands, and the rapid increase of orchard and traffic land which are controlled by the encouraging to build the tourist facilities and constructing new roads policies in this county. （2） With the population increasing, the de- creasing trend of food production per capita was most apparent. The total amount of cultivated land and grain per person in Huzhu has declined in recent years because of the project of returning the terraced fields to forests and grasslands and the infrastructure construction and population growth, and the yield of grain per area is increasing, that associated with the progress of science and technology. （3） The food production in Huzhu County can meet the demand if the per capita share of grain consumption level is 300kg, but it is necessary that Huzhu County needs every year to transfer into much food ability to satisfy the basic life while the per capita share of grain consumption level is 400kg.