CAJ | 학술논문

本研究采用眼动仪直接记录40名在校大学生及研究生（平均年龄21．9岁，SD=1．8）自由观看实景图片的眼动情况，考察自然状态下视觉注意在真实场景中的空间偏向。为了控制图片不同区域刺激特征显著性对结果的影响，将被试随机分为两组，一组观看正向图片，一组观看倒置图片。对图片四个象限上的首次注视概率、首次眼跳方向和注视时间百分比分别进行2（水平方向）×2（垂直方向）×2（呈现方式）的重复测量方差分析，结果表明，存在独立于刺激特征的空间注意偏向，表现在水平方向具有左侧注意偏向，垂直方向具有上侧注意偏向。
본연구채용안동의직접기록40명재교대학생급연구생（평균년령21．9세，SD=1．8）자유관간실경도편적안동정황，고찰자연상태하시각주의재진실장경중적공간편향。위료공제도편불동구역자격특정현저성대결과적영향，장피시수궤분위량조，일조관간정향도편，일조관간도치도편。대도편사개상한상적수차주시개솔、수차안도방향화주시시간백분비분별진행2（수평방향）×2（수직방향）×2（정현방식）적중복측량방차분석，결과표명，존재독립우자격특정적공간주의편향，표현재수평방향구유좌측주의편향，수직방향구유상측주의편향。
There are two main types of visual-field asymmetries ： right/left hemi-field asymmetries and upper/lower hemi-field asymmetries. In view of scenes differing from other types of visual stimuli chosen by previous papers in a number of important ways, it is still an open question whether there is an overall attentional bias of horizontal and vertical visual fields in viewing natural scenes. 40 college students （20 females） viewed 40 real-world pictures with free viewing allowed, and their eye movements were monitored by Tobii TI20. In order to control the effect of feature saliency, half of the participants viewed the normal picture while the other half viewed its mirror reversed in the horizontal and vertical orientation. The dependent variables were locations of the first fixation, as a measure of endogenous attentional bias before the pictures showed up （ to make sure of that, there was a 600-800ms blank screen between the central fixation cross and picture） ; initial saccade direction, as a survey of the initial distribution of attention during observers＇ first fixations on pictures ; and fixation duration, as a reflection of visual asymmetries in the whole process. To determine whether the presence of pictures would affect the result, a repeated measure analysis of variance （ANOVA） with horizontal （ left and right） and vertical（ upper and lower） bias as the within-subject factors and the presence mode （normal and reversed） as a between-group factor was designed. With regard to locations of first fixation, there was a significant main effect of horizontal bias, F（ 1,38） = 10. 437, p 〈 . 01, ηp2 =. 215, sp =. 883. However, there was no vertical bias differences, and no significant interaction was found between any two or among three variables except the one between vertical bias and presence mode, F（ 1,38） =4. 123, p 〈. 05, ηp2 =. 098, sp =. 508. The simple effect test demonstrated that when the observers viewed the normal pictures, they showed a striking upward bias, F（ 1,38 ） = 7.756, p 〈. 01, ηp2 =. 170, sp =. 775 ; when they viewed the reversed pictures, the upward bias disappeared. With regard to the initial saccade direction, there was a significant main effect of horizontal bias, F（1,38） =5. 573, p 〈. 05, ηp2 =. 128, sp =. 633. However, there was no vertical bias difference, and no significant interaction between any two or among three variables except the one between vertical bias and presence mode, F（ 1,38） = 7. 143, p 〈. 05, ηp2 =. 158, sp =. 740. The simple effect test demonstrated that when the observers viewed the normal pictures, they did not show vertical bias; when they viewed the reversed pictures, upward bias appeared, F（ 1,38） =25.497,p 〈. 001, η2p =. 402, sp =. 998. With regard to fixation duration, there was a significant main effect of horizontal bias, F（ 1,38） = 11. 540, p 〈. 01, ηp2 =. 233, sp =. 911, and vertical bias F（ 1,38） =5.037, p 〈. 05,ηp2 =. 117, sp = . 590. No significant interaction was found between any two or among three variables. Our study revealed that there are leftward and upward attentional biases in viewing natural scenes. The present findings play an essential role in driving, aviation, advertisement and other fields where visual attention is important to safety and efficiency.