CAJ | 학술논문

为探索注意控制能力个体差异的遗传来源，当前研究主要关注儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶（catechol-O—Methyltransferase，COMT）基因对参与注意控制加工的前额叶脑区的调控作用。为进一步回答COMT基因是否也对全脑范围的注意脑区具有调控作用，本文对17篇遗传影像学研究进行元分析。结果发现，COMT基因Val/Val（vv）基因型的被试在注意控制任务下，不仅前额叶脑区的激活水平高于Met／Met（mm）基因型的被试，在前扣带回和后扣带回等前额叶之外的脑区激活水平也高于mm基因型的被试，而且在这些脑区的效应值（vv〉mm）都较大（Cohen’s d〉0．8）。由此，元分析结果表明：COMT基因不仅调控前额叶脑区，而且对形成注意控制网络的多个脑区都有调控效应。此结果提示注意控制能力的个体差异可能部分的来自于COMT基因对注意控制网络的调控作用。
위탐색주의공제능력개체차이적유전래원，당전연구주요관주인다분알양위갑기전이매（catechol-O—Methyltransferase，COMT）기인대삼여주의공제가공적전액협뇌구적조공작용。위진일보회답COMT기인시부야대전뇌범위적주의뇌구구유조공작용，본문대17편유전영상학연구진행원분석。결과발현，COMT기인Val/Val（vv）기인형적피시재주의공제임무하，불부전액협뇌구적격활수평고우Met／Met（mm）기인형적피시，재전구대회화후구대회등전액협지외적뇌구격활수평야고우mm기인형적피시，이차재저사뇌구적효응치（vv〉mm）도교대（Cohen’s d〉0．8）。유차，원분석결과표명：COMT기인불부조공전액협뇌구，이차대형성주의공제망락적다개뇌구도유조공효응。차결과제시주의공제능력적개체차이가능부분적래자우COMT기인대주의공제망락적조공작용。
Investigation on the genetic origin of individual differences in attention control has become increasingly popular. A majority of imaging genetics studies primarily focused on the effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase （COMT） gene on the activation of the prefrontal cortex during attention control tasks. However, neuroimaging studies have consistently demonstrated that the neural substrate of attention control comprises cortical regions not only in the prefrontal cortex but also in the parietal and cingulate cortex, which together form a neural network of attention control. In addition, these regions are also richly innervated with dopaminergic projections. Therefore, it is possible that COMT gene polymorphism modulates the activation of the parietal and cingulated cortices during attention control as well. To examine the effect of COMT gene polymorphism, we used meta-analysis approach to re-analyze results from seventeen imaging genetics studies on the effect of COMT gene polymorphism under attention control tasks. These studies consisted of a total number of 742 participants （208 Met/Met, 315 Val/Met, and 219 Val/Val）. The coordinates of peak voxels reported in the studies were projected onto a brain template to visualize the distribution of the effect of COMT gene polymorphism. Then, the effect size of COMT gene polymorphism in each region was calculated with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program （CMA）. Finally, a power analysis was performed with G＇power program. The meta-analysis indicated that Val/Val homozygotes showed higher activation not only in the prefrontal cortex but also in regions such as anterior cingulate cortex （ACC） and posterior cingulate cortex （PCC） than Met/Met homozygotes. Besides, the effect sizes of COMT gene polymorphism in these regions were above 0.8 （Cohen＇ s d）. In sum, the meta-analysis provides evidence that COMT gene polymorphism modulates activation in multiple cortical regions of the attention control network, suggesting that individual differences in attention control partly originate from the modulation of COMT gene polymorphism on the attention control network, not just the prefrontal cortex. Thus, our study provides clues for future COMT imaging genetics researches on attention control.