文艺理论研究
文藝理論研究
문예이론연구
Theoretical Studies In Literature and Art
2012年
2期
107~115
,共null页
悲剧之死 欧里庇得斯 苏格拉底主义 狄奥尼索斯精神 乡愁
悲劇之死 歐裏庇得斯 囌格拉底主義 狄奧尼索斯精神 鄉愁
비극지사 구리비득사 소격랍저주의 적오니색사정신 향수
the death of tragedy Euripides Socratism Dionysian spirit nostalgia
《悲剧的诞生》最引人瞩目的部分是“悲剧之死”的断言。在尼采看来，欧里庇得斯悲剧在“歌队”、“观众”和“进场”上的变革，背离了体现“狄奥尼索斯精神”的真正悲剧，导致了古希腊悲剧的死亡。尼采把这一现象最终归咎为“苏格拉底主义”，它不仅催生了欧里庇得斯式“希腊欢乐”，也与西方现代启蒙密切相关。于是“狄奥尼索斯精神”成了尼采的“乡愁”，用以对抗西方古今启蒙理性。正是在这个意义上，《悲剧的诞生》乃是“后现代”的开山之作，但“后现代主义者”往往不能正视尼采的“乡愁”。实际上，尼采的乡愁诗学始终以“生命意志”和“永恒回归”抵抗西方古今启蒙时代的颓废与庸俗。
《悲劇的誕生》最引人矚目的部分是“悲劇之死”的斷言。在尼採看來，歐裏庇得斯悲劇在“歌隊”、“觀衆”和“進場”上的變革，揹離瞭體現“狄奧尼索斯精神”的真正悲劇，導緻瞭古希臘悲劇的死亡。尼採把這一現象最終歸咎為“囌格拉底主義”，它不僅催生瞭歐裏庇得斯式“希臘歡樂”，也與西方現代啟矇密切相關。于是“狄奧尼索斯精神”成瞭尼採的“鄉愁”，用以對抗西方古今啟矇理性。正是在這箇意義上，《悲劇的誕生》迺是“後現代”的開山之作，但“後現代主義者”往往不能正視尼採的“鄉愁”。實際上，尼採的鄉愁詩學始終以“生命意誌”和“永恆迴歸”牴抗西方古今啟矇時代的頹廢與庸俗。
《비극적탄생》최인인촉목적부분시“비극지사”적단언。재니채간래，구리비득사비극재“가대”、“관음”화“진장”상적변혁，배리료체현“적오니색사정신”적진정비극，도치료고희석비극적사망。니채파저일현상최종귀구위“소격랍저주의”，타불부최생료구리비득사식“희석환악”，야여서방현대계몽밀절상관。우시“적오니색사정신”성료니채적“향수”，용이대항서방고금계몽이성。정시재저개의의상，《비극적탄생》내시“후현대”적개산지작，단“후현대주의자”왕왕불능정시니채적“향수”。실제상，니채적향수시학시종이“생명의지”화“영항회귀”저항서방고금계몽시대적퇴폐여용속。
The most remarkable assertion Nietzsche made in his Birth of Tragedy concerns ＂the death of tragedy. ＂ The reason for the death of the Greek tragedy is, for Nietzsche, ＂the change of chorus, spectator and prologue in Euripides＇ tragedies, which are contrary to the authentic Greek tragedies that represented the Dionysian spirit. Nietzsche attributed this situation to Socratism, claiming that Socratism not only resulted in a Euripidean ＂Greek cheerfulness＂ but also related closely to the western modern enlightenment. Thereupon, the Dionysian spirit becomes Nietzsche＇ s nostalgia against the western ancient and modern enlightening rationality. In this sense, The Birth of Tragedy is the first work on postmodernism, although the postmodernists have not been able to put Nietzsche＇ s nostalgia in perspective. Nietzsche＇ s poetics of nostalgia has been opposing the decadency and philistinism in the western ancient and modern enlightenment with the ＂will to life＂ and ＂eternal return＂.
