CAJ | 학술논문

运用人口普查和人口抽样调查数据,研究1990年以来各民族人口教育发展状况,考察7～16岁儿童在校率的影响因素。在实证分析的基础上,针对如何促进少数民族人口的教育发展提出政策建议。研究发现,在过去几十年中,少数民族与汉族人口的教育都取得了长足发展。少数民族人口中,未受过初中教育的人口比例高于汉族。不论对少数民族还是汉族,与城镇地区相比,乡村地区初中教育的缺失更加严重。在城镇地区,少数民族与汉族7～16岁儿童在校率相差很少,但在乡村地区仍然存在一些差距。在考虑了地区影响因素后,少数民族与汉族儿童的在校概率差异或者缩小,或者消失,只有满族除外。
운용인구보사화인구추양조사수거,연구1990년이래각민족인구교육발전상황,고찰7～16세인동재교솔적영향인소。재실증분석적기출상,침대여하촉진소수민족인구적교육발전제출정책건의。연구발현,재과거궤십년중,소수민족여한족인구적교육도취득료장족발전。소수민족인구중,미수과초중교육적인구비례고우한족。불론대소수민족환시한족,여성진지구상비,향촌지구초중교육적결실경가엄중。재성진지구,소수민족여한족7～16세인동재교솔상차흔소,단재향촌지구잉연존재일사차거。재고필료지구영향인소후,소수민족여한족인동적재교개솔차이혹자축소,혹자소실,지유만족제외。
This paper describes the education development of all ethnic groups in China since 1990 and investigates the factors which affect the enrollment rates among 7 to 16 year - olds, using census and population sample survey data. Based on the empirical results, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on how to promote the education development of minority populations further. Results show that both minority and Han populations have achieved significant improvements in educational attainment in recent decades. The percent of the youth population with less than a junior high school attainment among minorities is much higher than that among the Han population. The exclusion from junior high school is much greater in rural areas than in urban areas for both minority and Han populations. Ethnic differences in enrollment rates among 7 to 16 yearolds are very small in urban areas, but persist in rollment among 7 - 16 year - olds shrink or disappear after controlling the advantaged Manchu population being an exception.