CAJ | 학술논문

中国铁路运输业是典型的行政垄断行业,同时又面临着其他运输方式日趋激烈的替代竞争。本文基于产出导向的SBM-DEA模型对中国铁路运输业在1997～2009年期间的经济效率进行了测算,并采用受限随机效应面板Tobit模型检验了各种外部环境因素对于铁路运输业经济效率的影响。效率测算结果显示,纯技术效率低下是中国铁路运输业经济效率较低的主要原因。计量回归结果显示,行业性行政垄断和旅客周转量所占比例均对铁路运输业经济效率呈现出显著的负向影响;公路路网密度和高速公路占比等替代竞争因素则呈现出显著的正相关关系;单位面积生产总值等引致需求因素和铁路路网密度等亦均呈现出显著的正向影响;2005年铁路局分拆重组改革和2008年国际金融危机冲击则分别呈现出一定程度地显著正相关和负相关影响。
중국철로운수업시전형적행정롱단행업,동시우면림착기타운수방식일추격렬적체대경쟁。본문기우산출도향적SBM-DEA모형대중국철로운수업재1997～2009년기간적경제효솔진행료측산,병채용수한수궤효응면판Tobit모형검험료각충외부배경인소대우철로운수업경제효솔적영향。효솔측산결과현시,순기술효솔저하시중국철로운수업경제효솔교저적주요원인。계량회귀결과현시,행업성행정롱단화여객주전량소점비례균대철로운수업경제효솔정현출현저적부향영향;공로로망밀도화고속공로점비등체대경쟁인소칙정현출현저적정상관관계;단위면적생산총치등인치수구인소화철로로망밀도등역균정현출현저적정향영향;2005년철로국분탁중조개혁화2008년국제금융위궤충격칙분별정현출일정정도지현저정상관화부상관영향。
The Chinese railway transportation industry is the representative industry which is administrative monopoly,and at the same time the substitutive competition of other transporation appraoches is becomig more and more fierece,so it is very important to study the operational efficiency and its influencing factors of the railway transportation industry.Based on the Output-oriented SBM-DEA model,this paper measures the operational efficiency of the Chinese railway transportation industry from 1997 to 2009,and use the cencored random effect panel Tobit model to test the impact of different kinds of external factors on the operational efficiency.The findings show that,low pure technical efficiency is the main cause of the low operational efficiency of the railway industry;futhermore,all of the substitutive competiton,the induced demand and the railway network density have positive effect on the operational efficiency;however,both of the administrative monopoly and the rate of passengers-km have negative effect.