北京体育大学学报
北京體育大學學報
북경체육대학학보
Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education
2012年
4期
115~121
,共null页
国家女子网球运动员 大力发球 运动学分析
國傢女子網毬運動員 大力髮毬 運動學分析
국가녀자망구운동원 대력발구 운동학분석
female Chinese national tennis team players;power serve;kinematic analysis
通过国家队网球运动员的大力发球的运动学指标分析，以期提高我国网球运动员发球水平，并为教练员教学、训练提供理论依据。利用两台200Hz高速摄像机对8名国家网球队女队员发球进行三维拍摄，通过jE京体育大学视迅解析系统对所拍摄影像进行三维重构及运动学解析。结果显示：运动员抛球离手时，抛球高度平均为3．67m，最高点到击球点落差平均为1．10m。球拍后引时，膝关节最小角度分别为持拍侧91．35°、非持拍侧104．64°。“搔背”动作完成时，拍头均低于重心，平均落差为0．21m。击球后平均球速为42．64m／s，击球点高度平均为2．57m。由此可见，我国网球运动员发球时抛球较高，建议降低抛球高度；相对于FB技术，FU技术能使运动员获得更大幅度的躯干扭转角度；缓冲结束时刻，部分运动员过度顶髋的现象造成下肢发力不充分，最终导致球速下降。“搔背”动作是典型的超越器械动作，下肢的充分蹬伸是动作质量的保证。
通過國傢隊網毬運動員的大力髮毬的運動學指標分析，以期提高我國網毬運動員髮毬水平，併為教練員教學、訓練提供理論依據。利用兩檯200Hz高速攝像機對8名國傢網毬隊女隊員髮毬進行三維拍攝，通過jE京體育大學視迅解析繫統對所拍攝影像進行三維重構及運動學解析。結果顯示：運動員拋毬離手時，拋毬高度平均為3．67m，最高點到擊毬點落差平均為1．10m。毬拍後引時，膝關節最小角度分彆為持拍側91．35°、非持拍側104．64°。“搔揹”動作完成時，拍頭均低于重心，平均落差為0．21m。擊毬後平均毬速為42．64m／s，擊毬點高度平均為2．57m。由此可見，我國網毬運動員髮毬時拋毬較高，建議降低拋毬高度；相對于FB技術，FU技術能使運動員穫得更大幅度的軀榦扭轉角度；緩遲結束時刻，部分運動員過度頂髖的現象造成下肢髮力不充分，最終導緻毬速下降。“搔揹”動作是典型的超越器械動作，下肢的充分蹬伸是動作質量的保證。
통과국가대망구운동원적대력발구적운동학지표분석，이기제고아국망구운동원발구수평，병위교련원교학、훈련제공이론의거。이용량태200Hz고속섭상궤대8명국가망구대녀대원발구진행삼유박섭，통과jE경체육대학시신해석계통대소박섭영상진행삼유중구급운동학해석。결과현시：운동원포구리수시，포구고도평균위3．67m，최고점도격구점락차평균위1．10m。구박후인시，슬관절최소각도분별위지박측91．35°、비지박측104．64°。“소배”동작완성시，박두균저우중심，평균락차위0．21m。격구후평균구속위42．64m／s，격구점고도평균위2．57m。유차가견，아국망구운동원발구시포구교고，건의강저포구고도；상대우FB기술，FU기술능사운동원획득경대폭도적구간뉴전각도；완충결속시각，부분운동원과도정관적현상조성하지발력불충분，최종도치구속하강。“소배”동작시전형적초월기계동작，하지적충분등신시동작질량적보증。
By analyzing the kinematics indicators of the power serve of the national tennis players, to improve the serve quality of China＇s tennis players, to provide both the player and coach with a better understanding of the mechanical basis of the serve, 8 Chinese national tennis team players have been taken as the subject in this research 8 players were filmed using two cameras, threc-dimensional direct linear transformation set-up. Two highspeed cameras were used to record the calibration frame, which was necessary for calculating three-dimensional coordinate data using the direct linear transformation （DLT） method. Data were processed by Shi Xun Analysis System of Beijing Sport University. The result shows that the ball was hit at a mean distance of 1.10m below a peak ball toss height of 3.67m. In backswing, the front knee flexion angle was 91.35°and the back one was 104.64° on the average. The lowest point of racket head was about 0.21m lower than the height of the body center of gravity when the player＇ s back scratch was over. The mean velocity of the ball was 42.64 m/s after impact and the average height of the impact point was 2.57m. In conclusion, the mean peak ball toss height of Chinese national tennis team players was a bit higher, which might affect the accuracy of the stroke; the FU technique leads a larger trunk rotation than the FB one; at the end of backswing, some players shifted to the po- sition which was unbalanced and went against pushing off the ground; ＂Back scratch＂ depends on a good thrust of the legs, so taking more exercises to develop the power of legs is necessary for tennis players.
