社会科学
社會科學
사회과학
Journal of Social Sciences
2012年
5期
25~35
,共null页
村民选举 集体资源竞争 乡村治理
村民選舉 集體資源競爭 鄉村治理
촌민선거 집체자원경쟁 향촌치리
Rural Elections; Common Resources Competition; Rural Governance
当前一些地区的村委会选举中发生各种违规行为,甚至出现严重的暴力冲突事件。要分析其中的关键因素,可以从建立理论框架着手,依据共有资源竞争与制度供给相关理论,结合我国农村地区在取消农业税之后的治理结构现状,对村集体资源的竞争在何种情况下可能出现“失序”,并进而导致暴力和冲突的发生进行分析。集体资源的收益大小会显著影响选举冲突的发生及其激烈程度;但其背后的关键作用机制,则是制度供给不足导致的基层治理能力弱化。要改变这种状况,除了需要鼓励乡镇一级基层政府更多地承担监管责任外,也应加强村庄内部的决策参与机制建设。
噹前一些地區的村委會選舉中髮生各種違規行為,甚至齣現嚴重的暴力遲突事件。要分析其中的關鍵因素,可以從建立理論框架著手,依據共有資源競爭與製度供給相關理論,結閤我國農村地區在取消農業稅之後的治理結構現狀,對村集體資源的競爭在何種情況下可能齣現“失序”,併進而導緻暴力和遲突的髮生進行分析。集體資源的收益大小會顯著影響選舉遲突的髮生及其激烈程度;但其揹後的關鍵作用機製,則是製度供給不足導緻的基層治理能力弱化。要改變這種狀況,除瞭需要鼓勵鄉鎮一級基層政府更多地承擔鑑管責任外,也應加彊村莊內部的決策參與機製建設。
당전일사지구적촌위회선거중발생각충위규행위,심지출현엄중적폭력충돌사건。요분석기중적관건인소,가이종건립이론광가착수,의거공유자원경쟁여제도공급상관이론,결합아국농촌지구재취소농업세지후적치리결구현상,대촌집체자원적경쟁재하충정황하가능출현“실서”,병진이도치폭력화충돌적발생진행분석。집체자원적수익대소회현저영향선거충돌적발생급기격렬정도;단기배후적관건작용궤제,칙시제도공급불족도치적기층치리능력약화。요개변저충상황,제료수요고려향진일급기층정부경다지승담감관책임외,야응가강촌장내부적결책삼여궤제건설。
There were some illegal behavior and violent conflict in rural election of China. This study wanted to know what the critical factor is and how to resolve that. For this purpose, this study develop a simple frame which come from common - pool resources competition and institutional supply theories to predict the effects of rural collective resources and upper governance structure on the election conflict. U- sing a data set and some cases form field survey, this paper point out that, since agricultural tax was re- scinded, the upper governments, such as town or country governments , whose political capacity to sup- ply rural governance institution were weaken, in other words, they "quit" rural govern structure, leaving rural elites compete for the community common resources without regulatory system. Consequently, the probability and degree of conflict in rural election were significantly associated with the amount of rural collective common resources. The weakening of local governance capacity could be the root causes of conflict in rural election. As a result, if we want to change this situation, the local county township governments should be impelled to be more accountable towards rural governance. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen rural decisionmaking participation system mechanism.