CAJ | 학술논문

使用ERPs技术，探讨跨领域项目间联结记忆中项目提取和关系提取的差异。学习阶段，系列呈现面孔．事件动词材料，让被试识记面孔、事件动词以及两者之间的关系；测验阶段，要求被试对成对刺激进行“相同”、“重组”或“新”判断。结果发现：提取阶段，刺激呈现后约200ms，“相同”、“重组”和“新”3种条件下的ERPs开始出现分离，存在“相同，新”、“重组，新”和“相同／重组”三类新旧效应。在200～300ms，“相同／新”和“重组，新”两类新旧效应表现在前额和额区皮层；在300～500ms，这两类新旧效应广泛地分布在从前到后各个脑区皮层；在500～700ms，“相同／新”新旧效应出现在额．顶区皮层，而无“重组／新”新旧效应；在700～1400ms，这两类新旧效应发生在前额和额区皮层；在上述4个时段，“相同／重组”关系新旧效应都发生在额中．中央．顶区皮层。从这些结果可以推知：跨领域项目间联结再认中，项目新旧效应和关系新旧效应同时出现，但是关系提取比项目提取较晚完成：额中一中央一顶区皮层关系新旧效应反映了对项目间关系的回忆加工；而700ms以后，前额、额区皮层新旧效应可能反映了项目之间关系提取过程的执行加工功能。
사용ERPs기술，탐토과영역항목간련결기억중항목제취화관계제취적차이。학습계단，계렬정현면공．사건동사재료，양피시식기면공、사건동사이급량자지간적관계；측험계단，요구피시대성대자격진행“상동”、“중조”혹“신”판단。결과발현：제취계단，자격정현후약200ms，“상동”、“중조”화“신”3충조건하적ERPs개시출현분리，존재“상동，신”、“중조，신”화“상동／중조”삼류신구효응。재200～300ms，“상동／신”화“중조，신”량류신구효응표현재전액화액구피층；재300～500ms，저량류신구효응엄범지분포재종전도후각개뇌구피층；재500～700ms，“상동／신”신구효응출현재액．정구피층，이무“중조／신”신구효응；재700～1400ms，저량류신구효응발생재전액화액구피층；재상술4개시단，“상동／중조”관계신구효응도발생재액중．중앙．정구피층。종저사결과가이추지：과영역항목간련결재인중，항목신구효응화관계신구효응동시출현，단시관계제취비항목제취교만완성：액중일중앙일정구피층관계신구효응반영료대항목간관계적회억가공；이700ms이후，전액、액구피층신구효응가능반영료항목지간관계제취과정적집행가공공능。
Binding is an important process in human episodic memory. On retrieval, dual process theory posits familiarity and recollection as two separated processes that contribute to recognition memory. It has been hypothesized that item retrieval bases on familiarity and recollection, whereas relational retrieval employs recollection. ERPs studies on recognition memory have identified two old/new effects that respectively correspond to familiarity and recollection. The mid-frontal old/new effect, occurring at approximately 300-500ms over frontal electrode sites, is attributed to familiarity. The parietal old/new effect, approximately 500-800ms maximal over parietal electrode sites, reflects recollection. According to Van Pettern et al. （2002）, there was also an executive process which was reflected by an old/new effect over prefrontal scalp around 700ms after stimulus onset. In the present study, we explore the differences between relational retrieval and item retrieval by using the ERPs techniques and following the associative recognition paradigm. 16 college students （7 males, 9 females） took part in our experiment. They studied a series of face-verb pairs presented in sequence. In the test, some face-verb pairs were presented that were encoded together at study （intact）, some were presented in which both items were studied but not together （rearranged）, and the rest consisted of two new, unstudied items （new）. Participants were instructed to determine whether a pair was ＂intact＂, ＂rearranged＂, or ＂new＂. The ERPs for the three categories of correctly-judged responses in the test phrase were averaged separately. Thus we made our hypothesis that the differences between the ERPs of the ＂intact＂ and the ＂rearranged＂ pairs simply reflected relational retrieval. Also, in the early stage of item retrieval, item familiarity and relational recollection contributed to successful retrieval of the ＂intact＂, whereas old/new effect only reflected the item familiarity of the ＂rearranged＂. It was found that old/new effects indicating the ＂intact＂ and the ＂rearranged＂ were at anterior cortex around 200ms after the stimulus, more obvious at all cortex from 300ms to 500ms, but prominent at prefrontal and frontal cortex from 700ms to 1400ms. However, relational old/new effect distributed over frontocentral-central- parietal areas in each time windows. It could be inferred that item old/new effect and relational old/new effect occurred at the same time, the relational retrieval employing recollection occurred much later than item retrieval, and the late anterior item old/new effect could be related to executive processes of prefrontal cortex.