CAJ | 학술논문

自恢复高考至今，中国的高等教育取得了巨大进步，这一历史时期大学生整体的心理健康水平如何变化呢？本研究对1986至2010年间237项采用90项症状自评量表（SCL-90）的研究报告进行了横断历史的元分析，以考察这些研究（被试为30多万名大学生）所测心理问题的9个因子得分随年代的变化趋势。结果表明：（1）SCL-90各因子均值与年代之间均呈负相关，年代可以解释9个因子4％至36％的变异；25年来9个因子均值分别下降了1％至13％，其中偏执、人际关系、抑郁、敌对因子变化较明显。这说明25年来大学生的心理问题逐渐减少，即大学生心理健康的整体水平逐步提高。（2）25年来大学生心理健康水平的提高，主要体现在大学一年级以上的学生上，而且重点大学学生（较之非重点大学）、城市生源学生（较之农村）、男生（较之女生）的心理健康改善更快。
자회복고고지금，중국적고등교육취득료거대진보，저일역사시기대학생정체적심리건강수평여하변화니？본연구대1986지2010년간237항채용90항증상자평량표（SCL-90）적연구보고진행료횡단역사적원분석，이고찰저사연구（피시위30다만명대학생）소측심리문제적9개인자득분수년대적변화추세。결과표명：（1）SCL-90각인자균치여년대지간균정부상관，년대가이해석9개인자4％지36％적변이；25년래9개인자균치분별하강료1％지13％，기중편집、인제관계、억욱、활대인자변화교명현。저설명25년래대학생적심리문제축점감소，즉대학생심리건강적정체수평축보제고。（2）25년래대학생심리건강수평적제고，주요체현재대학일년급이상적학생상，이차중점대학학생（교지비중점대학）、성시생원학생（교지농촌）、남생（교지녀생）적심리건강개선경쾌。
What changes have taken place in Chinese college students＇ mental health since the resumption of college entrance examination in 1977？ Many researchers tried to answer this question by using the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）. However, these researchers drew different conclusions： someone found that college students have significantly decreased in mental health since the 1980s and they were a high risk group, while others found that college students＇ mental health was good in general and has become better since then. Generally speaking, the traditional meta-analysis is an available method to solve these controversies; it can obtain a general conclusion by re-analyzing studies published before. However, it is a pity that these meta-analysis studies still arrived at conflicting conclusions about college students＇ mental health, mainly due to their neglect of publication year effect and using different norms. Given this neglect, Twenge （2000, 2001, 2004, 2011, etc.） introduced a special meta-analysis named cross-temporal meta-analysis, which has been applied to examine the change in mean scores on psychological measures over time. Using the cross-temporal meta-analysis, the present study examined the changes of Chinese college students＇ scores on the SCL-90 in the past 25 years （1986-2010）. Two hundred and thirty-seven samples of college students （N = 318972） were included in the data. The analysis not only included the description of the nine factorial mean scores of the SCL-90 changing over time as a whole, but also included the changes of different groups separately. The results showed that：（1） Correlations between SCL-90 mean scores and year of data collection were negative, and the year could explain 4%~36% of the total variation of the nine factorial mean scores. The SCL-90 factorial mean scores have decreased 1%-13% from 1986 to 2010, with factorial mean scores of interpersonal sensitivity, depression and hostility decreasing more significantly. These results suggested that Chinese college students＇ psychological problems have decreased and their mental health has been improving gradually over the past 25 years. （2） The correlation between year and college students＇ mental health was different from group to group. First, year of data collection accounted for more variations for post-freshmen than freshmen, suggesting that the increase of college students＇ mental health was mainly due to post-freshmen. Second, year of data collection accounted for more variations for key than non-key universities, suggesting that the improvement of college students＇ mental health was mainly due to those from key universities. Third, although most of male students＇ factorial mean scores of the SCL-90 were lower than that of female students, the changes over time of male students were higher than that of female students, that is, male students improved more rapidly than female students in mental health. Fourth, though college students from urban areas have slightly lower scores than college students from rural areas on the dimensions of the SCL-90, the changes over time of college students from urban areas were partly higher than college students from rural areas, suggesting that the mental health of college students from urban areas improved more rapidly than college students from rural areas.