地域研究与开发
地域研究與開髮
지역연구여개발
Areal Research and Development
2012年
3期
167~171
,共null页
虚拟水 农作物 水资源配置 河南省
虛擬水 農作物 水資源配置 河南省
허의수 농작물 수자원배치 하남성
virtual water; crops; water resources allocation; Henan Province
虚拟水是当今水科学的研究热点,被认为是解决粮食与水资源安全的重要策略。在计算河南省2009年3种主要农作物生物需水量的基础上,结合作物单产得到初级产品单位虚拟水含量,明晰了这3种主要农作物的“虚拟水”空间分布格局。研究结果表明:河南省3种主要农作物中,棉花的单位虚拟水含量最高,玉米最小。空间上小麦的单位耗水量在三门峡最高,漯河最低;玉米的单位耗水量在三门峡最高,许昌最低;棉花的单位耗水量在鹤壁最高,信阳最低;3种作物单位虚拟水含量从东南向西北增加,尤其在东西方向最明显,但是不同作物又有细微差别。中东部水资源短缺区应提高玉米和小麦的种植面积,丘陵和山前平原单位耕地地表水丰富区可种植虚拟水含量较高的作物。提供了从虚拟资源视角认识水资源消耗的实证,可以对河南省农作物布局提供科学依据。
虛擬水是噹今水科學的研究熱點,被認為是解決糧食與水資源安全的重要策略。在計算河南省2009年3種主要農作物生物需水量的基礎上,結閤作物單產得到初級產品單位虛擬水含量,明晰瞭這3種主要農作物的“虛擬水”空間分佈格跼。研究結果錶明:河南省3種主要農作物中,棉花的單位虛擬水含量最高,玉米最小。空間上小麥的單位耗水量在三門峽最高,漯河最低;玉米的單位耗水量在三門峽最高,許昌最低;棉花的單位耗水量在鶴壁最高,信暘最低;3種作物單位虛擬水含量從東南嚮西北增加,尤其在東西方嚮最明顯,但是不同作物又有細微差彆。中東部水資源短缺區應提高玉米和小麥的種植麵積,丘陵和山前平原單位耕地地錶水豐富區可種植虛擬水含量較高的作物。提供瞭從虛擬資源視角認識水資源消耗的實證,可以對河南省農作物佈跼提供科學依據。
허의수시당금수과학적연구열점,피인위시해결양식여수자원안전적중요책략。재계산하남성2009년3충주요농작물생물수수량적기출상,결합작물단산득도초급산품단위허의수함량,명석료저3충주요농작물적“허의수”공간분포격국。연구결과표명:하남성3충주요농작물중,면화적단위허의수함량최고,옥미최소。공간상소맥적단위모수량재삼문협최고,탑하최저;옥미적단위모수량재삼문협최고,허창최저;면화적단위모수량재학벽최고,신양최저;3충작물단위허의수함량종동남향서북증가,우기재동서방향최명현,단시불동작물우유세미차별。중동부수자원단결구응제고옥미화소맥적충식면적,구릉화산전평원단위경지지표수봉부구가충식허의수함량교고적작물。제공료종허의자원시각인식수자원소모적실증,가이대하남성농작물포국제공과학의거。
Virtual water has become the central issue of water sciences, and has been regarded as a main countermeasure to solve risks of food security and water security. The authors investigated the temporal and spatial patterns of the virtual water content (m3/t) and ecological water demand for wheat, maize and cotton in Henan Province in 2009. The results show that cotton had the highest water demand per kilogram, followed by wheat and maize. Spatial variations were evident. Per kilogram wheat and maize consumes more water in Sanmenxia, while cotton in Hebi. Per kilogram wheat , maize, cotton consumes water least in Luohe, Xuchang and Xinyang. Virtual water content of crops increases from southeast to northwest. It should enlarge wheat, maize planting area in the middle-eastern plain where water resources is shortage. It can plant crops whose virtual water is higher in piedmont plain and hills where is rich in surface water resources. These findings provide insights on the water demand of the three crops whose, and thus are meaningful for decision-maker