CAJ | 학술논문

本文以全球价值链分工体系下发展中国家承接国际外包实践为背景,从承包企业所面临的风险角度审视国际外包,认为承包活动将伴随着陷阱,并提出了分析国际外包陷阱的一个初步理论框架。国际外包陷阱描述了承包企业陷入长期低水平接包而难以自拔的一种状态,其在理论溯源、概念假设、形成机制及产生效应等方面区别于比较优势陷阱。承包企业对发包企业技术上的严重依赖和对低劳动力素质的过度依赖是前者极易落入国际外包陷阱的主要原因,落入国际外包陷阱的后果则是从长期看承包企业人力资本积累缓慢、缺乏技术创新能力积累导致与发包企业间技术差距和边际生产率差距同时不断扩大。基于以上理论框架,本文构建了国际外包陷阱产生机理的数理模型,阐明了承包企业内部技术积累及外部需求推动两大跨越国际外包陷阱的途径,归纳了国际外包陷阱跨越的＂单脚＂、＂双脚＂及＂跳跃型＂三种模式,并对承包企业发展战略和发展中国家相关产业政策制定提出了建议。
본문이전구개치련분공체계하발전중국가승접국제외포실천위배경,종승포기업소면림적풍험각도심시국제외포,인위승포활동장반수착함정,병제출료분석국제외포함정적일개초보이론광가。국제외포함정묘술료승포기업함입장기저수평접포이난이자발적일충상태,기재이론소원、개념가설、형성궤제급산생효응등방면구별우비교우세함정。승포기업대발포기업기술상적엄중의뢰화대저노동력소질적과도의뢰시전자겁역락입국제외포함정적주요원인,락입국제외포함정적후과칙시종장기간승포기업인력자본적루완만、결핍기술창신능력적루도치여발포기업간기술차거화변제생산솔차거동시불단확대。기우이상이론광가,본문구건료국제외포함정산생궤리적수리모형,천명료승포기업내부기술적루급외부수구추동량대과월국제외포함정적도경,귀납료국제외포함정과월적＂단각＂、＂쌍각＂급＂도약형＂삼충모식,병대승포기업발전전략화발전중국가상관산업정책제정제출료건의。
This paper observes international outsourcing from the view of risks confronted by subcontracting enterprises on the background that developing countries have been involved in international outsourcing practice under global value chain division system.We regard that subcontracting activities will be accompanied by trap.This paper puts forward a theoretic framework for analyzing international outsourcing trap.International outsourcing trap describes the situation that subcontracting enterprises has fallen into low-level subcontracting activities and is difficult to extricate themselves.It is different from comparative advantage trap on theoretical basis,concept assumption,formation mechanism and generating effects.Heavy dependences on technology provided by clients enterprises and low labour quality are main reasons why subscontracting enterprises are apt to falling into international outsourcing trap.The results from falling into international outsourcing trap are,human capital accumulation becomes slower,accumulation for technical innovation capabitlity is lacked,technology gap and marginal productivity gap between subscontracting enterprises in developing countries and clients enterprises in developed countries is bigger and bigger.Based on the above mentioned framework,this paper builds a mathematical model to analyze the generating mechanism of international outsourcing trap,then clarifies technology accumulation and promotion by external market demand are two main routes to realize going beyond international outsourcing trap,sums up three modes of going beyond international trap as ＂one-foot＂,＂two-feet＂,＂leapfrogging＂ mode.Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions for stipulating stategies by subcontracting enterprises and relevant industry policies by governments of developing countries.