浙江大学学报:人文社会科学版
浙江大學學報:人文社會科學版
절강대학학보:인문사회과학판
Journal of Zhejiang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)
2012年
3期
210~219
,共null页
任莉颖 邱泽奇 李力 严洁
任莉穎 邱澤奇 李力 嚴潔
임리영 구택기 리력 엄길
社会调查 职业编码 数据质量
社會調查 職業編碼 數據質量
사회조사 직업편마 수거질량
social survey; occupational coding; data quality
职业是社会科学研究的重要变量,然而社会调查中的职业编码很容易出现偏差。目前我国社会调查中主要采用访员实地编码与访问结束后由编码员进行集中编码两种方式。基于经验数据分析发现,这两种编码方式的结果存在较大的差异。这些差异一方面受访员职业信息的记录质量、访员编码经验及访员自身特征的影响,另一方面也与不同职业类别的编码难度有关。因此,在社会调查中要注意监控访员职业信息的记录规范,并采用有质控的编码员集中编码的方式来提高职业问题编码的数据质量。
職業是社會科學研究的重要變量,然而社會調查中的職業編碼很容易齣現偏差。目前我國社會調查中主要採用訪員實地編碼與訪問結束後由編碼員進行集中編碼兩種方式。基于經驗數據分析髮現,這兩種編碼方式的結果存在較大的差異。這些差異一方麵受訪員職業信息的記錄質量、訪員編碼經驗及訪員自身特徵的影響,另一方麵也與不同職業類彆的編碼難度有關。因此,在社會調查中要註意鑑控訪員職業信息的記錄規範,併採用有質控的編碼員集中編碼的方式來提高職業問題編碼的數據質量。
직업시사회과학연구적중요변량,연이사회조사중적직업편마흔용역출현편차。목전아국사회조사중주요채용방원실지편마여방문결속후유편마원진행집중편마량충방식。기우경험수거분석발현,저량충편마방식적결과존재교대적차이。저사차이일방면수방원직업신식적기록질량、방원편마경험급방원자신특정적영향,령일방면야여불동직업유별적편마난도유관。인차,재사회조사중요주의감공방원직업신식적기록규범,병채용유질공적편마원집중편마적방식래제고직업문제편마적수거질량。
Occupation is an important variable in social science research, but mistakes in the coding process of occupations in survey research are. unavoidable. Coding operations can take various forms. They are distinguished as centralized coding and decentralized coding based on their work sites, or as manual coding and computer-assisted coding based on their coding tools. Thus, combining these two dimensions there are four coding methods: manual centralized coding, manual decentralized coding, computer-assisted centralized coding, and computer-assisted decentralized coding. Computer-assisted coding has not been well developed in China, so most Chinese surveys employed the first two coding methods: interviewers carrying out coding during the interviewing process or experienced coders performing the coding within the survey organization after data collection. When choosing coding methods, survey practitioners usually have three factors in mind. cost, time efficiency, and coding quality. It is commonly believed that on-site coding by interviewers is cheaper and quicker than coders' centralized coding. However, there have been contradictory attitudes towards the quality of these two coding methods, and there have been very few empirical studies about that. Based on analysis of the occupational information collected by the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2010, this study compares the results from these two existing coding methods in China and discusses the core factors that affect coding quality. This study shows that coding results from these two methods differ greatly. Regarding the most detailed coding with 595 categories, only about one-third of the results from these two methods are identical. Even for simple coding with only eight categories, the proportion of identification still makes up only three-fourths. Interviewers' text recording quality is an important factor that affects coding quality. In addition, interviewers' background and coding experiences are two main reasons for the discrepancies in the detailed coding results. It is also shown in this study that occupational categories have different levels of coding difficulty which also have an effect on coding results. Administration of quality control over interviewers' on-site occupational coding is difficult in practice. Therefore, in rigorous social surveys, especially when detailed coding results are needed, it is strongly suggested to use the method of centralized coding. Moreover, since the quality of the interviewers' text recording is so important to the collection of accurate and complete occupational information, the following steps are recommended, establish a standard for interviewers' text recoding, strengthen the training of interviewers, and check their performance on a regular basis. It is also important to enhance quality control in the coding process, such as paying more attention to the design of the coding process as well as the supervision of the coders' work. These suggestions can be effectively put into practice in computer-assisted interviewing surveys.