中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2012年
5期
108~113
,共null页
技能偏向型技术变化 技能劳动力 工业行业
技能偏嚮型技術變化 技能勞動力 工業行業
기능편향형기술변화 기능노동력 공업행업
skill-biased technological changes; skilled labor; China＇ s industry
近年来,我国工业行业技能劳动力的需求快速增加,技能供需矛盾日益突出。虽然有文献认为技能偏向型技术变化是其中的重要原因,但是对技能偏向型技术变化存在性的规范检验几乎一片空白。本文基于经典文献提供的实证方法,以工业全行业和大中型行业为实证对象,规范检验20世纪90年代以来我国工业技术进步的技能偏向性。首先,对技能劳动力就业份额变化进行分解的结果表明,我国工业就业结构技能升级的主导因素是细分行业内而不是细分行业之间技能劳动力就业份额的变化。其次,基于我国工业经济的特性,计量检验了技术进步、对外开放和资本-技能互补性等因素对工业就业结构技能升级的影响,揭示了技术进步与技能劳动力就业份额之间显著的正相关关系。这两方面的结果验证了20世纪90年代以来我国工业行业的技能偏向型技术变化,并为技能劳动力短缺提供了基于需求角度的解释。
近年來,我國工業行業技能勞動力的需求快速增加,技能供需矛盾日益突齣。雖然有文獻認為技能偏嚮型技術變化是其中的重要原因,但是對技能偏嚮型技術變化存在性的規範檢驗幾乎一片空白。本文基于經典文獻提供的實證方法,以工業全行業和大中型行業為實證對象,規範檢驗20世紀90年代以來我國工業技術進步的技能偏嚮性。首先,對技能勞動力就業份額變化進行分解的結果錶明,我國工業就業結構技能升級的主導因素是細分行業內而不是細分行業之間技能勞動力就業份額的變化。其次,基于我國工業經濟的特性,計量檢驗瞭技術進步、對外開放和資本-技能互補性等因素對工業就業結構技能升級的影響,揭示瞭技術進步與技能勞動力就業份額之間顯著的正相關關繫。這兩方麵的結果驗證瞭20世紀90年代以來我國工業行業的技能偏嚮型技術變化,併為技能勞動力短缺提供瞭基于需求角度的解釋。
근년래,아국공업행업기능노동력적수구쾌속증가,기능공수모순일익돌출。수연유문헌인위기능편향형기술변화시기중적중요원인,단시대기능편향형기술변화존재성적규범검험궤호일편공백。본문기우경전문헌제공적실증방법,이공업전행업화대중형행업위실증대상,규범검험20세기90년대이래아국공업기술진보적기능편향성。수선,대기능노동력취업빈액변화진행분해적결과표명,아국공업취업결구기능승급적주도인소시세분행업내이불시세분행업지간기능노동력취업빈액적변화。기차,기우아국공업경제적특성,계량검험료기술진보、대외개방화자본-기능호보성등인소대공업취업결구기능승급적영향,게시료기술진보여기능노동력취업빈액지간현저적정상관관계。저량방면적결과험증료20세기90년대이래아국공업행업적기능편향형기술변화,병위기능노동력단결제공료기우수구각도적해석。
The relative demand for skilled labors has been increasing rapidly in China＇ s industry in recent years. Many papers attributed it to the skill-biased technological change, but the empirical test on the existence of the skill-biased technological change of China＇ s industry has still lacked. Based on the micro data on all industrial and large-and-medium industrial enterprises, utilizing some empirical approaches provided by classical literature, the technological progress of China＇ s industry that is characterized by skill bias since 1990 is tested in this paper. Firstly, changes in share of skilled labor in industry since 1990 is decomposed into ＂within industry＂ shifts and ＂between industries＂ shifts, and the results show that increasing upgrading of industrial employment can be largely explained by ＂within industry＂ shifts, not by ＂between industry＂ shifts. To further investigate the causes of these shifts, changes in share of skilled labor are regressed on the technological progress （ measured by change of Total Productivity Factor, Pure Technical Progress and Information Technology respectively）, capital-output ratio and opening. Estimated coefficients are all positive, suggesting capital-skill complementarities and skill-biased technological change. The results prove that skill-biased technological change has become the main factor that leads to the skill upgrading of China industrial employment and the skill shortages in China industry.
