国际贸易问题
國際貿易問題
국제무역문제
Journal of International Trade
2012年
7期
164~176
,共null页
《反假冒贸易协定》 知识产权 WTO TRIPS WIPO 贸易壁垒
《反假冒貿易協定》 知識產權 WTO TRIPS WIPO 貿易壁壘
《반가모무역협정》 지식산권 WTO TRIPS WIPO 무역벽루
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement; Intellectual property right; Controversy; Major characteristic; International influence
欧盟、美国、日本等11个缔约方完成了《反假冒贸易协定》(ACTA)的文本讨论,但是,ACTA的谈判过程和文本内容一直充满了争议和批评。总体上看,ACTA具有以下主要特点:发达国家主导性、谈判场所的独立性、谈判过程的秘密性、制定时间的迅速性、协定属性的诸边性、执法体系的强化性等。ACTA弱化了现有的知识产权多边保护体系,并把关注重点从实体权利完全转移到执法实践,将对知识产权国际体制产生重要影响。虽然ACTA谈判故意回避了发展中国家,但可以预见ACTA将会以各种方式被输送给发展中国家。随着ACTA的生效和实施,国际贸易将受到较大影响,并有可能构成新的贸易壁垒。在此背景下,中国应当开展专门研究,积极采取应对之策,避免ACTA的不利影响。
歐盟、美國、日本等11箇締約方完成瞭《反假冒貿易協定》(ACTA)的文本討論,但是,ACTA的談判過程和文本內容一直充滿瞭爭議和批評。總體上看,ACTA具有以下主要特點:髮達國傢主導性、談判場所的獨立性、談判過程的祕密性、製定時間的迅速性、協定屬性的諸邊性、執法體繫的彊化性等。ACTA弱化瞭現有的知識產權多邊保護體繫,併把關註重點從實體權利完全轉移到執法實踐,將對知識產權國際體製產生重要影響。雖然ACTA談判故意迴避瞭髮展中國傢,但可以預見ACTA將會以各種方式被輸送給髮展中國傢。隨著ACTA的生效和實施,國際貿易將受到較大影響,併有可能構成新的貿易壁壘。在此揹景下,中國應噹開展專門研究,積極採取應對之策,避免ACTA的不利影響。
구맹、미국、일본등11개체약방완성료《반가모무역협정》(ACTA)적문본토론,단시,ACTA적담판과정화문본내용일직충만료쟁의화비평。총체상간,ACTA구유이하주요특점:발체국가주도성、담판장소적독립성、담판과정적비밀성、제정시간적신속성、협정속성적제변성、집법체계적강화성등。ACTA약화료현유적지식산권다변보호체계,병파관주중점종실체권리완전전이도집법실천,장대지식산권국제체제산생중요영향。수연ACTA담판고의회피료발전중국가,단가이예견ACTA장회이각충방식피수송급발전중국가。수착ACTA적생효화실시,국제무역장수도교대영향,병유가능구성신적무역벽루。재차배경하,중국응당개전전문연구,적겁채취응대지책,피면ACTA적불리영향。
Since January 2008, 11 rounds of secret negotiation had been held by the 11 contracting parties including EU, USA, Japan, and finally they brought the discussion of ACTA text to a great completion. However, controversies and critics never disappear during the negotiating process towards the ACTA text. Generally speaking, ACTA has the following characteristics: the leading role of the developed nations; the independent occasion for negotiation; the secrecy of the negotiating process; the fast pace of the completion; the pluralateral nature of the agreement and the intensifying of the IPR enforcement system. Nevertheless, AC- TA weakens the current multilateral IPR system and fully transfers the focal point from substantive rights to enforcement practices, thus exerting an over-whelming influence on the international system of IPR. While ACTA deliberately avoids the developing countries, we can foresee that ACTA will be passed on to developing countries in various ways. In addition, as ACTA comes into effect and has been carried out, world trade will be deeply influenced and new trade barrier will come out. Against such background, China should carry out special research and take active measures to avoid the adverse effect of ACTA.