教育学报
教育學報
교육학보
Journal of Educational Studies
2012年
3期
46~53
,共null页
城市化进程 义务教育 办学规模 办学效益 大班额
城市化進程 義務教育 辦學規模 辦學效益 大班額
성시화진정 의무교육 판학규모 판학효익 대반액
the process of urbanization; compulsory education; school size; school effectiveness; large class
为了解义务教育阶段学校规模与效益的情况，通过文献资料和调查研究发现：其一，从2005年到2010年，全国城市中小学、县镇口小学的在校生人数逐年增加，农村中小学在校生人数逐年减少。其二，同2009年相比，2010年西部地区初中阶段的超大班额比例、小学阶段的大班额比例均有所下降，而宁夏中小学的超大班额和大班额比例却有所提高，且高于西部地区超大班额和大班额的平均比例。合理的办学规模是保证较高办学效益的前提，学校规模布局的调整应以促进学生全面发展为目标，合理分配教育资源为前提，方便学生入学为重点；采取提高领导和教师的认识，强化区、市、县级统筹规划工作，完善学校管理体制，合理规划学校规模与班级人数，建立动态的学校规模机制等措施。
為瞭解義務教育階段學校規模與效益的情況，通過文獻資料和調查研究髮現：其一，從2005年到2010年，全國城市中小學、縣鎮口小學的在校生人數逐年增加，農村中小學在校生人數逐年減少。其二，同2009年相比，2010年西部地區初中階段的超大班額比例、小學階段的大班額比例均有所下降，而寧夏中小學的超大班額和大班額比例卻有所提高，且高于西部地區超大班額和大班額的平均比例。閤理的辦學規模是保證較高辦學效益的前提，學校規模佈跼的調整應以促進學生全麵髮展為目標，閤理分配教育資源為前提，方便學生入學為重點；採取提高領導和教師的認識，彊化區、市、縣級統籌規劃工作，完善學校管理體製，閤理規劃學校規模與班級人數，建立動態的學校規模機製等措施。
위료해의무교육계단학교규모여효익적정황，통과문헌자료화조사연구발현：기일，종2005년도2010년，전국성시중소학、현진구소학적재교생인수축년증가，농촌중소학재교생인수축년감소。기이，동2009년상비，2010년서부지구초중계단적초대반액비례、소학계단적대반액비례균유소하강，이저하중소학적초대반액화대반액비례각유소제고，차고우서부지구초대반액화대반액적평균비례。합리적판학규모시보증교고판학효익적전제，학교규모포국적조정응이촉진학생전면발전위목표，합리분배교육자원위전제，방편학생입학위중점；채취제고령도화교사적인식，강화구、시、현급통주규화공작，완선학교관리체제，합리규화학교규모여반급인수，건립동태적학교규모궤제등조시。
The authors referred to extant literature and conducted a survey to understand the school sizeand effectiveness in compulsory education. It is found that： first, from 2005 to 2010, at the national level, in some western provinces including Ningxia, the number of students in primary and middle schools in counties, towns and cities increased annually; while that in the rural areas decreased; second, compared with 2009, in 2010, the proportion of super large classes in middle schools and that of large classes in pri- mary schools in western region decreased, while the proportion of super large and large classes in the pri- mary and middle schools in Ningxia increased and it was higher than the average proportion of super largeand large classes in the western region. To maintain a proper school size is the precondition to ensure the school effectiveness. School size adjustment should target the overall development of students, base on ap- propriate allocation of educational resources and focus on the students ＇ convenient access to schools. The authors further suggested some measures to achieve a proper school size adjustment, such as to improve the understanding of leaders and teachers, to strengthen the overall planning at the regional, city, county and town levels, to improve the school management system, to plan school size and class size in a rational way, and to build a dynamic mechanism of school size.
