CAJ | 학술논문

我国淡水鱼类养殖历史悠久，最早可溯至距今3000多年前的殷商时期。早期池塘养殖主要是鲤鱼，因鲤鱼对生存环境要求不高，可以在封闭水体中自行繁殖，苗种较易获得。汉代出现的《范蠡养鱼经》是我国古代养鲤技术的集大成者，对鱼池建造、鱼苗种的放养、养殖密度等均有记载。至唐代中期，由于政治避讳，传统养鲤业一时衰落。此后，鲢、鳙、青、草“四大家鱼”及鲮鱼等淡水鱼类养殖兴起，由于古代这些鱼类均不能人工繁殖，它们的苗种主要依靠长江及珠江流域渔民捕捞获得，其苗种培育技术至宋代开始见诸记载，元明时期有较大发展，至清代基本成熟。而野生金鱼最早见于唐代文献，主要产自杭州、嘉兴地区，家养金鱼见于南宋文献，饲养技术至明清趋向完善。
아국담수어류양식역사유구，최조가소지거금3000다년전적은상시기。조기지당양식주요시리어，인리어대생존배경요구불고，가이재봉폐수체중자행번식，묘충교역획득。한대출현적《범려양어경》시아국고대양리기술적집대성자，대어지건조、어묘충적방양、양식밀도등균유기재。지당대중기，유우정치피휘，전통양리업일시쇠락。차후，련、용、청、초“사대가어”급릉어등담수어류양식흥기，유우고대저사어류균불능인공번식，타문적묘충주요의고장강급주강류역어민포로획득，기묘충배육기술지송대개시견제기재，원명시기유교대발전，지청대기본성숙。이야생금어최조견우당대문헌，주요산자항주、가흥지구，가양금어견우남송문헌，사양기술지명청추향완선。
Freshwater aquaculture can be traced to the ancient time in China. According to the literature of oracle bone inscriptions, freshwater pond fish culture development can date back to the Yin-Shang Period. In the early time, Common carp was the major farmed species in the pond culture practices, because of its high tolerance of environment factors, self-propagation in the enclosed water bodies and easy access to obtaining fish fry. Fanli Yangyujing（ Fan Li＇s Scripture ofPisciculture）in the Han Dynasty is the earliest monograph on common carp cul- ture, in which we can see the technology of ancient freshwater aquaculture such as pond construction, fry stock- ing, stocking density, etc. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the political taboos, there was a temporary decline in com- mon carp farming. Later, the freshwater farming of Chinese Major Carps including Black carp, Grass carp, Silver carp, Bighead carp and Mud carp emerged. As a result of the absence of artificial breeding techniques, the fry was mainly captured from the Yangtze and Pearl Rivers by fishermen. The seed nursery techniques began to develop in the Song Dynasty, experienced a rapid development in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and achieved the maturity of techniques in the Qing Dynasty. The wild goldfish was firstly recorded as early as the Tang Dynasty, which was mainly produced in Hangzhou and Jiaxing, Zhejiang province.