CAJ | 학술논문

水体中氮含量过高会造成水体富营养化，使水质恶化，破坏水体生态平衡。氮污染已引起人们的普遍关注，国家已将氨氮和氮氧化物列为“十二五”期间环境治理的重要污染指标。辽河流域大部分河段氨氮仍超过V类水质标准，支流水体污染依然十分严重。文章以辽河流域氮污染为研究对象，从农田化肥流失、畜禽养殖、工业生产、居民生活和城市径流五个方面估算了流域氮排放情况。结果表明：辽河流域2010年总氮排放量约13．677吨，氨氮排放量约6．78万吨，居民生活和畜禽养殖排放合计分别占总氮和氨氮排放量的87％和90％，是流域氮污染的主要贡献方面；工业生产虽产生大量含氮废水，但工业废水和污染物的排放率较低，对环境污染的贡献有限，并不是流域氮污染的主要贡献者：短期内流域氮排放的削减幅度有限，未来一段时期内辽河流域氮污染的压力依然突出；对污染排放环节的技术改造和方式创新是削减流域氮污染高效可行的措施。
수체중담함량과고회조성수체부영양화，사수질악화，파배수체생태평형。담오염이인기인문적보편관주，국가이장안담화담양화물렬위“십이오”기간배경치리적중요오염지표。료하류역대부분하단안담잉초과V류수질표준，지류수체오염의연십분엄중。문장이료하류역담오염위연구대상，종농전화비류실、축금양식、공업생산、거민생활화성시경류오개방면고산료류역담배방정황。결과표명：료하류역2010년총담배방량약13．677둔，안담배방량약6．78만둔，거민생활화축금양식배방합계분별점총담화안담배방량적87％화90％，시류역담오염적주요공헌방면；공업생산수산생대량함담폐수，단공업폐수화오염물적배방솔교저，대배경오염적공헌유한，병불시류역담오염적주요공헌자：단기내류역담배방적삭감폭도유한，미래일단시기내료하류역담오염적압력의연돌출；대오염배방배절적기술개조화방식창신시삭감류역담오염고효가행적조시。
Excess nitrogen can cause water eutrophication, deteriorates water environment and destroy the ecological balance. Nitrogen pollution has caused widespread concern. During the 12th five-year plan, ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxygen have been included in the important indicators of pollution control. In most reach of Liao River Basin, ammonia nitrogen concentration still exceeded national surface water standard criterion （V） and water pollution of tributary remains very serious. This paper focused on nitrogen pollution of Liao River Basin and estimated the nitrogen pollution load of agricultural production, industrial production, urban and rural residents, and urban non-point source. The results showed that： in 2010, the total nitrogen pollution load of Liao River Basin reached about 136,000 tons, about 67,800 tons of ammonia nitrogen emissions, and total emissions of both residents and livestock respectively of the total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen emissions by 87% and 90%; the industry produce large amounts of nitrogen-containing wastewater, but industrial wastewater and pollutants with a lower emission rate, that limited contribution to the pollution of the environment, not a major contributor to nitrogen pollution of Liao River Basin; the cuts of nitrogen emissions in Liao River Basin was limited in short term, nitrogen pollution pressures would be exist for a long time; the technological and mode innovation on ways of pollutants emission would be the efficient and feasible measures to reduce nitrogen pollution in Liao River Basin.