考古与文物
攷古與文物
고고여문물
Archaeology and Cultural Relics
2012年
4期
93~100
,共null页
舍利瘗埋制度 涅粲信仰 仪式
捨利瘞埋製度 涅粲信仰 儀式
사리예매제도 열찬신앙 의식
Burying of sarira, Worship of nirvana, Ritual
隋唐舍利瘗埋制度的形成原因:一是初唐以来释迦牟尼作为历史上真实存在过的圣者而被广为崇信,佛骨舍利建立了唐土信者和佛祖之间的直接联系;二是通过奉迎和供奉、瘗埋舍利表明帝王与佛陀之间的继承关系;三是唐代从对舍利塔的礼拜变为对舍利真身和舍利塔的双重礼拜。以法门寺舍利为中心的供奉活动由开启、供奉、瘗埋三个环节组成。舍利供奉高级化、公开化和制度化的特征导致了隋唐舍利瘗埋制度的形成。舍利瘗埋主要依据涅粲类经典,在瘗埋空间中体现释迦牟尼涅椠后遗体到舍利的过程和佛教的宇宙图像。瘗埋舍利时在地宫内外有僧俗信众参加的各种仪式。
隋唐捨利瘞埋製度的形成原因:一是初唐以來釋迦牟尼作為歷史上真實存在過的聖者而被廣為崇信,彿骨捨利建立瞭唐土信者和彿祖之間的直接聯繫;二是通過奉迎和供奉、瘞埋捨利錶明帝王與彿陀之間的繼承關繫;三是唐代從對捨利塔的禮拜變為對捨利真身和捨利塔的雙重禮拜。以法門寺捨利為中心的供奉活動由開啟、供奉、瘞埋三箇環節組成。捨利供奉高級化、公開化和製度化的特徵導緻瞭隋唐捨利瘞埋製度的形成。捨利瘞埋主要依據涅粲類經典,在瘞埋空間中體現釋迦牟尼涅槧後遺體到捨利的過程和彿教的宇宙圖像。瘞埋捨利時在地宮內外有僧俗信衆參加的各種儀式。
수당사리예매제도적형성원인:일시초당이래석가모니작위역사상진실존재과적골자이피엄위숭신,불골사리건립료당토신자화불조지간적직접련계;이시통과봉영화공봉、예매사리표명제왕여불타지간적계승관계;삼시당대종대사리탑적례배변위대사리진신화사리탑적쌍중례배。이법문사사리위중심적공봉활동유개계、공봉、예매삼개배절조성。사리공봉고급화、공개화화제도화적특정도치료수당사리예매제도적형성。사리예매주요의거열찬류경전,재예매공간중체현석가모니열참후유체도사리적과정화불교적우주도상。예매사리시재지궁내외유승속신음삼가적각충의식。
This article suggests the following causes for the institutionalization of burying sarira during the Sui and Tang Dynasties: 1) Since the early Tang Shakyamuni as a historical reality became the popular subject of worship, and the sarira helped to establish the direct contact between the Tang adherents and the Buddha; 2) By receiving and burying sarira, the sponsors declare the connection between emperors and the Buddha; 3) The worship of sarira - holding pagoda was expanded to the dual worship of sarira and pagoda. The Famen-Monastery-centered offering ceremony was comprised of three steps: open- ing, offering, and burying. The imperial-level, public, and institutionalized offering of sarira constituted the burying ritual of sarira during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. This ritual, which was primarily based on inscriptures of the nirvana category,was meant to recreate the process from the Cremation of Shakyamuni' s body to sarira and the image of the Buddhist universe. Several ritual, in which monks and laity participated, were involved in the burying ritual of sarira.