中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2012年
8期
90~95
,共null页
水资源流转 二元经济 刘易斯-费-拉尼斯模型 优化配霞
水資源流轉 二元經濟 劉易斯-費-拉尼斯模型 優化配霞
수자원류전 이원경제 류역사-비-랍니사모형 우화배하
water transfer; dual economy; Lewis-Fei-Ranis Model; optimal allocation
农业用水效率低下及水资源在工农业两部门间的结构性短缺将成为我国经济转型中面临的主要资源问题之一。如何优化配爨水资源，实现工农业两部门的“双赢”是经济发展面临的一个重要课题。文章基于刘易斯一费一拉尼斯模型对二元经济结构体制下水资源流转过程进行系统性的经济学阐述，进而得出水资源在工农业两部门中的流转是从无限供给状态到体现稀缺性的过程。并结合1949—2009年中国水资源的利用情况，对中国水资源在两部门经济中的流转进行了阶段识别和趋势研究，即“余水”流转、“低效水”流转和“竞争性用水”流转。从而为水资源流转的实际操作提供了学理性解释，并据此提出通过建设引水工程基础设施、完善用水额度和税费标准法律规范。健全水资源流转的农业补偿机制和加强农业生产部门节水意识宣传，以完善我国水资源流转制度的相应对策建议。
農業用水效率低下及水資源在工農業兩部門間的結構性短缺將成為我國經濟轉型中麵臨的主要資源問題之一。如何優化配爨水資源，實現工農業兩部門的“雙贏”是經濟髮展麵臨的一箇重要課題。文章基于劉易斯一費一拉尼斯模型對二元經濟結構體製下水資源流轉過程進行繫統性的經濟學闡述，進而得齣水資源在工農業兩部門中的流轉是從無限供給狀態到體現稀缺性的過程。併結閤1949—2009年中國水資源的利用情況，對中國水資源在兩部門經濟中的流轉進行瞭階段識彆和趨勢研究，即“餘水”流轉、“低效水”流轉和“競爭性用水”流轉。從而為水資源流轉的實際操作提供瞭學理性解釋，併據此提齣通過建設引水工程基礎設施、完善用水額度和稅費標準法律規範。健全水資源流轉的農業補償機製和加彊農業生產部門節水意識宣傳，以完善我國水資源流轉製度的相應對策建議。
농업용수효솔저하급수자원재공농업량부문간적결구성단결장성위아국경제전형중면림적주요자원문제지일。여하우화배찬수자원，실현공농업량부문적“쌍영”시경제발전면림적일개중요과제。문장기우류역사일비일랍니사모형대이원경제결구체제하수자원류전과정진행계통성적경제학천술，진이득출수자원재공농업량부문중적류전시종무한공급상태도체현희결성적과정。병결합1949—2009년중국수자원적이용정황，대중국수자원재량부문경제중적류전진행료계단식별화추세연구，즉“여수”류전、“저효수”류전화“경쟁성용수”류전。종이위수자원류전적실제조작제공료학이성해석，병거차제출통과건설인수공정기출설시、완선용수액도화세비표준법률규범。건전수자원류전적농업보상궤제화가강농업생산부문절수의식선전，이완선아국수자원류전제도적상응대책건의。
Low agricultural water-use efficiency and structural shortage of water resources in industry and agriculture will be one of the major resource issues to China＇ s economic transformation. Therefore, economic development faces an important subject of how to optimize the allocation of water resources and achieve win-win for both agricultural and Industrial sectors. This article, based on Lewis--Fei--Ranis model, makes a systemic economic description of water transfer in the dual economic structure system, and draws the conclusion that water transfer in the dual economy is a process from unlimited-supply state to scarcity. What＇ s more, taking the utilization of water resources in China from 1949 to 2009 into account, the article gives stage identification and trend research to the water transfer in the dual economy of China that is the circulation of ＇ excess water＇ , ＇ inefficient water＇ and ＇ competitive water＇. Thus, we provide a rational analysis for the actual operation of water transfer and accordingly, put forward corresponding suggestions to improve the water circulation system in China through building infrastructure of water diversion projects, perfecting the water-use quota and legal norms for tax standard, improving agricultural compensation mechanism of water circulation and reinforcing awareness campaigns in the agricultural production sector.
