民族语文
民族語文
민족어문
Minority Languages of China
2012年
4期
3~12
,共null页
苗语 调制 调和 鱼 声调系统 凯里市 平调 假声
苗語 調製 調和 魚 聲調繫統 凱裏市 平調 假聲
묘어 조제 조화 어 성조계통 개리시 평조 가성
贵州凯里市湾水镇鱼粮村苗语一共有七个声调,除第七声是高降短调,其余六个都是平调。这是迄今获知的惟一一个六平调案例,其中最高的发声带有张声（或假声）,次之三个是普通清声态,最低的两个都带有气声。这种声调系统需要用＂分域四度制＂来表达。声域由发声态定义。音节学中有假声、张声、清声、僵声、带声、气声六大发声态,一共定义高中低三个声域。
貴州凱裏市灣水鎮魚糧村苗語一共有七箇聲調,除第七聲是高降短調,其餘六箇都是平調。這是迄今穫知的惟一一箇六平調案例,其中最高的髮聲帶有張聲（或假聲）,次之三箇是普通清聲態,最低的兩箇都帶有氣聲。這種聲調繫統需要用＂分域四度製＂來錶達。聲域由髮聲態定義。音節學中有假聲、張聲、清聲、僵聲、帶聲、氣聲六大髮聲態,一共定義高中低三箇聲域。
귀주개리시만수진어량촌묘어일공유칠개성조,제제칠성시고강단조,기여륙개도시평조。저시흘금획지적유일일개륙평조안례,기중최고적발성대유장성（혹가성）,차지삼개시보통청성태,최저적량개도대유기성。저충성조계통수요용＂분역사도제＂래표체。성역유발성태정의。음절학중유가성、장성、청성、강성、대성、기성륙대발성태,일공정의고중저삼개성역。
This paper reports on a six-level-tone system, found in a Miao variety spoken in the Yuliang village, Wanshui Township, Kaili City, Guizhou province. Among the seven tones in Yuliang Miao, only T7 （a short high falling） is a non-level one. This is the only case of six level tones so far found by us in tone languages. Among the six level tones, the highest one （T2） is produced with fortis voice or falsetto, the lowest two （T5 and T6） are produced with breathy voice, and the remaining three are produced with normal clear voice, voicelessness. To represent this kind of tonal system, we need a new Multi-register Four-level-tone Tonal Model. The phonological registers are defined with six phonation types： falsetto, fortis, voicelessness, breathy, model, and stiff voices.
