山东师范大学学报：人文社会科学版
山東師範大學學報：人文社會科學版
산동사범대학학보：인문사회과학판
Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Science Edition)
2012年
4期
124~127
,共null页
山东 田赋锐减 团练 抗粮 敛费
山東 田賦銳減 糰練 抗糧 斂費
산동 전부예감 단련 항량 렴비
Shandong; sharp reduction of land tax; local militia units （ tuanlian ） ; ＂anti -payment of land tax＂ （ kangliang ） ; ＂extortion of fees and dues＂ （ lianfei ）
成同之际，山东取代东南数省而被清廷视为新的财赋之区。然而，山东提供的田赋收入恐怕要远低于清廷的预期。个中原因颇为复杂，但山东团练的抗粮和敛费行动在当时已被认作导致田赋锐减的关键。团练的抗粮和敛费行动固然与绅民不满官府加重攫取乡村资源有关，亦应看到清廷团费自筹政策产生的意外后果。
成同之際，山東取代東南數省而被清廷視為新的財賦之區。然而，山東提供的田賦收入恐怕要遠低于清廷的預期。箇中原因頗為複雜，但山東糰練的抗糧和斂費行動在噹時已被認作導緻田賦銳減的關鍵。糰練的抗糧和斂費行動固然與紳民不滿官府加重攫取鄉村資源有關，亦應看到清廷糰費自籌政策產生的意外後果。
성동지제，산동취대동남수성이피청정시위신적재부지구。연이，산동제공적전부수입공파요원저우청정적예기。개중원인파위복잡，단산동단련적항량화렴비행동재당시이피인작도치전부예감적관건。단련적항량화렴비행동고연여신민불만관부가중확취향촌자원유관，역응간도청정단비자주정책산생적의외후과。
Instead of the few provinces in southeast China, Shandong province was regarded as a new wealthy region in paying taxes and dues under the reign of Emperors Xianfeng and Tongzhi during the Qing Dynasty. However, the land tax imposed from Shandong was far below the expectation of the royal court owing to very complicated reasons. Among them, the ＂ anti - payment of land tax,, （ kangliang ） and the ＂extortion of fees and＇ dues＂ （ lianfei ） of the local militia units （ tuanlian ） were considered as the key factors leading to the sharp reduction of land tax. For, these actions taken by the local militia units were admittedly related to the dissatisfaction from gentry and populace with the wanton grabbing of rural resources by the local authorities, but still the unexpected consequences brought about by the policy of self - financing for providing for and training the local militia units stipulated by the royal court of the Qing Dynasty was not to be ignored.
