太平洋学报
太平洋學報
태평양학보
Pacific Journal
2012年
7期
72~80
,共null页
国际海洋环境制度 预防性方法 环境影响评价 “共同但有区别的责任”原则
國際海洋環境製度 預防性方法 環境影響評價 “共同但有區彆的責任”原則
국제해양배경제도 예방성방법 배경영향평개 “공동단유구별적책임”원칙
regime for the protection mental impact assessment;principle of of international marine environment ; the precautionary approach ; environcommon but differentiated obligation
国际海洋环境管理制度随着人类开发利用海洋能力的增强而不断发生变化,出现了一些显著的发展趋势。2011年,国际海洋法法庭发表了“关于担保自然人和实体从事国际海底区域有关活动的责任和义务的咨询意见”,成为国际海洋环境制度领域的最新发展,反映出愈加严格的环境保护要求和趋势。发展中国家有效参与国家管辖范围以外的“区域”资源开发利用将面临潜在的“环境壁垒”。风险预防性原则成为习惯国际法的一项规则,环境影响评价发展为习惯国际法的一项一般性义务。这些发展趋势与我国和其他发展中国家参与“区域”资源开发利用关系密切。
國際海洋環境管理製度隨著人類開髮利用海洋能力的增彊而不斷髮生變化,齣現瞭一些顯著的髮展趨勢。2011年,國際海洋法法庭髮錶瞭“關于擔保自然人和實體從事國際海底區域有關活動的責任和義務的咨詢意見”,成為國際海洋環境製度領域的最新髮展,反映齣愈加嚴格的環境保護要求和趨勢。髮展中國傢有效參與國傢管轄範圍以外的“區域”資源開髮利用將麵臨潛在的“環境壁壘”。風險預防性原則成為習慣國際法的一項規則,環境影響評價髮展為習慣國際法的一項一般性義務。這些髮展趨勢與我國和其他髮展中國傢參與“區域”資源開髮利用關繫密切。
국제해양배경관리제도수착인류개발이용해양능력적증강이불단발생변화,출현료일사현저적발전추세。2011년,국제해양법법정발표료“관우담보자연인화실체종사국제해저구역유관활동적책임화의무적자순의견”,성위국제해양배경제도영역적최신발전,반영출유가엄격적배경보호요구화추세。발전중국가유효삼여국가관할범위이외적“구역”자원개발이용장면림잠재적“배경벽루”。풍험예방성원칙성위습관국제법적일항규칙,배경영향평개발전위습관국제법적일항일반성의무。저사발전추세여아국화기타발전중국가삼여“구역”자원개발이용관계밀절。
Regime for the protection of the international marine environment has been constantly changing with the enhancing of capability of the oceanic utilization, and some outstanding tendencies have occurred recently. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea released its "Advisory Opinion On the Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsored Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities in the Area" in 2011, one of the latest developments in the field of protection of the international marine environment. Firstly, the Advisory Opinion re- flects the tendency of stricter requirement on marine environmental protection. Secondly, developing countries are confronted with potential "environmental barrier" while exploring resources in the areas beyond national jurisdiction. Thirdly, precautionary approach has become a rule under customary international law, and environmental impact assessment has developed to be a general obligation under the customary international law. These trends are closely related with the utilization of resources in the international seabed area by China and other developing countries.