CAJ | 학술논문

历史上不少国家都发生过由治国者发动的自上而下的变革,而＂财政压力说＂则对这类变革有一定的解释力。扭转财政危机、维持国家的义理性是彼得一世改革的动因。彼得一世的改革,是他与贵族、教会、工商业者和农民各利益集团之间博弈均衡的过程。彼得一世改革的路径选择是：＂甩包袱＂与向＂新兴财富＂征税并举,发展工商业;＂向所有利益集团征税＂,进行币制改革;＂向相关利益集团征税＂,再分配教会和农民的财富。彼得一世改革成功的标志是：各利益集团以纳税支持彼得一世的统治;俄国战胜强大的瑞典,国防力量得到巩固,彼得一世统治的义理性得到提升。
역사상불소국가도발생과유치국자발동적자상이하적변혁,이＂재정압력설＂칙대저류변혁유일정적해석력。뉴전재정위궤、유지국가적의이성시피득일세개혁적동인。피득일세적개혁,시타여귀족、교회、공상업자화농민각이익집단지간박혁균형적과정。피득일세개혁적로경선택시：＂솔포복＂여향＂신흥재부＂정세병거,발전공상업;＂향소유이익집단정세＂,진행폐제개혁;＂향상관이익집단정세＂,재분배교회화농민적재부。피득일세개혁성공적표지시：각이익집단이납세지지피득일세적통치;아국전성강대적서전,국방역량득도공고,피득일세통치적의이성득도제승。
Many countries have experienced up-bottom reforms in the history, which can be explained by the ＂fiscal pressure hypothesis＂ . Solving a fiscal crisis and maintaining the government＇s legitimacy is the motiva- tion of Peter I＇s Reform. Peter I＇s Reform is an equilibrium game between him and the noble group, the church group, the industrial and commercial group and the farmer group. The path choice of the reform is as follows： getting rid of burdens and fostering industry and commercial at the same time; alleviating the fiscal crisis by ＂levying taxes on all interest groups＂ and carrying out mint reform; levying taxes on related interest groups and reallocating the wealth of the church group and the farmer group. The successful signs of the re- form are： Russia conquered Sweden, its defense power is strengthened, and the legitimacy of Peter I＇s rule is promoted.