CAJ | 학술논문

区域高等教育差距是许多国家面临的重要问题,美国也不例外。美国公立高等教育财政取决于州政府,州政府拨款的多少影响学费定价的高低,从而影响州际入学机会平等。1985-2010年期间,美国高等教育财政整体上伴随经济危机发生周期性变化,州际高等教育财政则呈现不同的变化趋势,主要体现为生均拨款和学费价格方面：传统上太阳带州高等教育生均拨款高、学费低,北部工业区生均拨款低、学费高。因此,州际高等教育财政差异不仅受经济条件的制约,而且各州政府治理结构、制度安排和文化价值观等因素也在很大程度上影响着美国高等教育财政选择。基于此,美国联邦政府主要采取补助＂顾客＂而非＂生产者＂、直接提供联邦经费补助乃至惩戒措施等方式对州际差距进行宏观调控。
구역고등교육차거시허다국가면림적중요문제,미국야불예외。미국공립고등교육재정취결우주정부,주정부발관적다소영향학비정개적고저,종이영향주제입학궤회평등。1985-2010년기간,미국고등교육재정정체상반수경제위궤발생주기성변화,주제고등교육재정칙정현불동적변화추세,주요체현위생균발관화학비개격방면：전통상태양대주고등교육생균발관고、학비저,북부공업구생균발관저、학비고。인차,주제고등교육재정차이불부수경제조건적제약,이차각주정부치리결구、제도안배화문화개치관등인소야재흔대정도상영향착미국고등교육재정선택。기우차,미국련방정부주요채취보조＂고객＂이비＂생산자＂、직접제공련방경비보조내지징계조시등방식대주제차거진행굉관조공。
Regional disparity of higher education exists in many nations including USA. Public higher education finance is primarily decided at the state level, and policies vary dra-matically across state lines. We use data of per FTE student＇s appropriation and tuition from 1985 and 2010 to describe these differences and changes over time. The finding reveals that Sun Belt states have higher appropriation and lower tuition than north industrial states. These differences are determined not only by regional economy development, but political structure, institutional arrangement and value identity, etc. Meanwhile, the changes are heavily influenced by the macroscopic readjustment of the federal government by providing financial aid to clients to control price market, providing financial funds to prevent tuition rising.