CAJ | 학술논문

心理韧性研究自发轫至今出现了若干可供遵循的进路,主要有：以人为中心模型、以变量为中心模型、时间路径模型和因素-过程模型等。以人为中心进路围绕＂人＂开展研究,将甄别出的心理韧性者与非韧性者及未经历严重压力/逆境者进行比较,尝试理解心理韧性的由来。以变量为中心进路则聚焦于压力/危险逆境指标、心理韧性相关因子及心理社会发展功能指标,经由分析这些变量的关系以探寻和推测心理韧性发展的机制。时间路径进路专注于时间进程,追踪研究对象在严重压力/逆境开始前后到相当长一段时期心理社会功能变化过程特点,以解读人类压力/逆境适应系统的运作特征及其功能差异,推断心理韧性发展的过程及机制。因素-过程整合进路则以生态系统理论为指导,兼顾因素与过程,尝试提供一个更具研究指导性的心理韧性整合模型和一套机制解释策略基准框架。诸心理韧性研究进路各有侧重,互有长短,研究者对之了然于胸将有助于选择适切的研究设计与分析策略,取长避短,从而提高研究揭示效力。
심리인성연구자발인지금출현료약간가공준순적진로,주요유：이인위중심모형、이변량위중심모형、시간로경모형화인소-과정모형등。이인위중심진로위요＂인＂개전연구,장견별출적심리인성자여비인성자급미경력엄중압력/역경자진행비교,상시리해심리인성적유래。이변량위중심진로칙취초우압력/위험역경지표、심리인성상관인자급심리사회발전공능지표,경유분석저사변량적관계이탐심화추측심리인성발전적궤제。시간로경진로전주우시간진정,추종연구대상재엄중압력/역경개시전후도상당장일단시기심리사회공능변화과정특점,이해독인류압력/역경괄응계통적운작특정급기공능차이,추단심리인성발전적과정급궤제。인소-과정정합진로칙이생태계통이론위지도,겸고인소여과정,상시제공일개경구연구지도성적심리인성정합모형화일투궤제해석책략기준광가。제심리인성연구진로각유측중,호유장단,연구자대지료연우흉장유조우선택괄절적연구설계여분석책략,취장피단,종이제고연구게시효력。
Several approaches to resilience research have been developed since the starting of this scientific domain, including person-focused models, variable-focused models, pathway models and an integrated factor-process model. Person-focused models tend to identify resilient people and understand bow resilience develops by comparing them to nonresilient ones who are not faring well in the face of adversity and to those who have not experienced any detrimental threats to their development. Variable-focused approaches focus on the relationships among indices of stress/adversity, the influencing factors of resilience and psychosocial functions. The purpose of variable-focused research is to capture the mechanism behind resilience development. Characterized by longitudinal design and analysis, pathway models try to disentangle how human adaptation systems operate and how resilience develops by focusing on change before and after the incidence of traumatic events or disasters. The integrated factor-process approach is on the basis of ecosystem theory. This approach emphasizes both the processes of resilience development and factors related to it. The integrated factor-process approach provides a more generic strategy for investigating resilience and interpreting the results. Each of the research approaches to resilience has its own strength and weakness. Familiarity with these approaches is crucial for a researcher to appropriately design the research, analyze the data and interpret the results, which would highly improve validity and efficiency of researches on resilience.