外语教学
外語教學
외어교학
Foreign Language Education
2012年
5期
36~40
,共null页
指类句 关联理论 语用充实 语义—语用接口 主题
指類句 關聯理論 語用充實 語義—語用接口 主題
지류구 관련이론 어용충실 어의—어용접구 주제
generic sentence ; Relevance Theory ; pragmatic enrichment ; semantic-pragmatic interface ; theme
指类句是指一类事物都具有某种属性,通常被解读为一种规律(如"鸟会飞")。但是,指类句逻辑上不是全称命题,因为它们可以容忍例外事物(如"鸟会飞,但是企鹅不会飞")。从词汇语用学的角度看,指类句"以偏概全"的指称特点涉及语义—语用接口问题。指类句是主题结构,其命题内容是相对于某个主题而言的,因而,主题限定了指类词的指称域。指类句在认知上是一种参照点结构,该结构为语用充实的认知操作提供了基础条件。指类句能够容忍例外,是指类词概念意义的语用充实中的意义收缩的结果。这是因为指类句的理解中,指类词概念意义的语用充实是在最佳关联的原则指导下,需要从指称域中选择合格的对象以获取最佳语境效果。
指類句是指一類事物都具有某種屬性,通常被解讀為一種規律(如"鳥會飛")。但是,指類句邏輯上不是全稱命題,因為它們可以容忍例外事物(如"鳥會飛,但是企鵝不會飛")。從詞彙語用學的角度看,指類句"以偏概全"的指稱特點涉及語義—語用接口問題。指類句是主題結構,其命題內容是相對于某箇主題而言的,因而,主題限定瞭指類詞的指稱域。指類句在認知上是一種參照點結構,該結構為語用充實的認知操作提供瞭基礎條件。指類句能夠容忍例外,是指類詞概唸意義的語用充實中的意義收縮的結果。這是因為指類句的理解中,指類詞概唸意義的語用充實是在最佳關聯的原則指導下,需要從指稱域中選擇閤格的對象以穫取最佳語境效果。
지류구시지일류사물도구유모충속성,통상피해독위일충규률(여"조회비")。단시,지류구라집상불시전칭명제,인위타문가이용인예외사물(여"조회비,단시기아불회비")。종사회어용학적각도간,지류구"이편개전"적지칭특점섭급어의—어용접구문제。지류구시주제결구,기명제내용시상대우모개주제이언적,인이,주제한정료지류사적지칭역。지류구재인지상시일충삼조점결구,해결구위어용충실적인지조작제공료기출조건。지류구능구용인예외,시지류사개념의의적어용충실중적의의수축적결과。저시인위지류구적리해중,지류사개념의의적어용충실시재최가관련적원칙지도하,수요종지칭역중선택합격적대상이획취최가어경효과。
Generic sentences ascribe certain property to a kind of entities, and thus are understood as rule/regularity-like assertions (e. g. , Birds fly. ). However, generic sentences are not universal propositions logically, for they tolerate exceptions ( e. g. , Birds fly; but penguins can' t. ). From the lexical pragmatics perspective, this feature involves semantic-pragmatic interface. As a thematic construction, the propositional contents are true of certain themes. That is, the theme defines the reference domain of generic terms. Generic sentences are of reference point structure if considered from the cognitive perspective. On this basis, pragmatic enrichment of the generic terms is performed. The tolerance of exceptions results from pragmatic narrowing of conceptual meaning of the generic terms. The reason is this : the optimal relevance principle governs the process of pragmatic enrichment, and the cognitive process is to select the entities that embody the property predicated by the generic terms.