CAJ | 학술논문

通过对湿热环境下机体血液成分变化特点的实验，试图揭示湿热环境下运动的身体适应，为训练提供相应的理论依据。随机抽取某大学男生30名，平均年龄（21．34±1．1）N。实验选择第二军医大学湿热环境训练实验室，环境温度控制在39℃，相对湿度为80％。实验历时9d，分为测试阶段和训练阶段：测试阶段在训练前、后1d分别进行12min功率自行车测试，2次测试前、后经上肢静脉取血（在肛温指标测试后即刻进行）；训练阶段周期为7d，运动负荷为：踏步机徒手踏步15min，艾威BC4730．52型功率自行车无阻力运动15min，艾威BC8500型功率自行车调至10LEVEL-280WATT／H运动15min。结果显示：与第1次、第2次测试前相比，2次测试后血清尿素（Bu）、乳酸（La）、[心]和[Ca^2＋]均显著升高（尸l〈0．05），[Cl^-】显著下降（P〈0．05）；INa＋]在第2次测试后显著升高（P〈0．0S）。经过7d热习服训练，第2次测试前较第1次测试前相比，BU和[Na^＋]显著升高（P〈0．05），La浓度显著下降（P〈O．05）；第2次测试后同第1次测试后相比，BU、[Na^＋]、[K^＋]Cm[Ca^2＋1显著升高（P〈0．05）。结果表明：经过7d间断性反复热暴露运动后，机体蛋白质代谢供能有所回降；La清除能力得到提高；血液电解质各项指标发生不同程度变化，但均处于正常生理范围及人体耐受范围内；且运动能力及自我感受得到改善，说明习服训练有利于机体新的热反应动力定型建立。
통과대습열배경하궤체혈액성분변화특점적실험，시도게시습열배경하운동적신체괄응，위훈련제공상응적이론의거。수궤추취모대학남생30명，평균년령（21．34±1．1）N。실험선택제이군의대학습열배경훈련실험실，배경온도공제재39℃，상대습도위80％。실험력시9d，분위측시계단화훈련계단：측시계단재훈련전、후1d분별진행12min공솔자행차측시，2차측시전、후경상지정맥취혈（재항온지표측시후즉각진행）；훈련계단주기위7d，운동부하위：답보궤도수답보15min，애위BC4730．52형공솔자행차무조력운동15min，애위BC8500형공솔자행차조지10LEVEL-280WATT／H운동15min。결과현시：여제1차、제2차측시전상비，2차측시후혈청뇨소（Bu）、유산（La）、[심]화[Ca^2＋]균현저승고（시l〈0．05），[Cl^-】현저하강（P〈0．05）；INa＋]재제2차측시후현저승고（P〈0．0S）。경과7d열습복훈련，제2차측시전교제1차측시전상비，BU화[Na^＋]현저승고（P〈0．05），La농도현저하강（P〈O．05）；제2차측시후동제1차측시후상비，BU、[Na^＋]、[K^＋]Cm[Ca^2＋1현저승고（P〈0．05）。결과표명：경과7d간단성반복열폭로운동후，궤체단백질대사공능유소회강；La청제능력득도제고；혈액전해질각항지표발생불동정도변화，단균처우정상생리범위급인체내수범위내；차운동능력급자아감수득도개선，설명습복훈련유리우궤체신적열반응동력정형건립。
The authors tried to reveal the adaptation of the body exercising in a hot and humid environment through an experiment studying the characteristics of changing of blood constituents of the body in a hot and humid envi- ronment, so as to provide corresponding theoretical criteria for training. The authors selected 30 males students with an average age of （21.3±1.1） randomly from a university. The experiment was done in the hot and humid environ- ment training laboratory of Second Military Medical University, where the ambient temperature was controlled to 39℃, the relative humidity was 80%. The experiment lasted 9 d, which were divided into a testing stage and a training stage; at the testing stage, a 12 min speed bike test was run 1 d before and after training respectively; before and after the two tests, venous blood was taken from upper limbs （immediately after rectal temperature index was tested）; the cycle of the training stage is 7 d, the exercising loads were 15 min of hand free walking on a treadmill, 15 min of resistance free exercising on a model BC4730-52 EVERE speed bike, 15 min of exercising on a modelBC8500 EVERE speed bike which was adjusted to 10LEVEL-280WATT/H. The results showed the followings： as compared with the results before the first and second tests, blood urea （BU）, lactic acid （La）, [K^＋] and [Ca^2＋] after the two tests increased significantly （P〈0.05）, [Cl^-] decreased significantly （P〈0.05）; [Na^＋] increased significantly （P〈0.05） after the second test; after 7 days of heat acclimatization training, as compared with the results before the first test, BU and [Na^＋] before the second test increased significantly （P〈0.05）, La concentration decreased signifi- cantly （P〈0.05）; as compared with the results after the first test, BU, [Na^＋], [K^＋] and [Ca^2＋] after the second test in- creased significantly （P〈0.05）. The results indicated the followings： after 7 d of intermittent, repeated heat exposure exercising, the body＇s protein metabolism and energy supply decreased somewhat; La removing ability was en- hanced; various indexes in blood electrolyte changed to different extents, but they were all in range of normal physiology and the range tolerable to the human body; and the exercising ability and self perception were improved, which indicates that heat acclimatization training is conducive for the body to establish a new dynamic stereotype of thermal reaction.