CAJ | 학술논문

宋代实学获得繁荣发展,与宋代科举制的繁荣发展密切相关,正是及第进士人数大增,使更多的读书人看到进入体制的希望,进入体制需要按照官僚体制的需求塑造自己,既要研读科举考试所需要的诗赋经史学问,也要顾及到成为官僚后所需要的技能。在这种大背景下,实学兴起,沈括、秦九韶这些享誉世界杰出科学家的成就明显表现出官员＂科学家＂科学研究的旨趣。同时不应该忽视的是,宋代在取得巨大科技成就的背后,并没有改变中国历史上一以贯之的东西。从宋代开始,科学多被纳入实学的范畴,直到近代西方科学传入中国相当长的一段时期里,科学也没有走出实学的窠臼,这在一定程度上折射出＂用＂一直是中国古代科学发展的重要动力。
송대실학획득번영발전,여송대과거제적번영발전밀절상관,정시급제진사인수대증,사경다적독서인간도진입체제적희망,진입체제수요안조관료체제적수구소조자기,기요연독과거고시소수요적시부경사학문,야요고급도성위관료후소수요적기능。재저충대배경하,실학흥기,침괄、진구소저사향예세계걸출과학가적성취명현표현출관원＂과학가＂과학연구적지취。동시불응해홀시적시,송대재취득거대과기성취적배후,병몰유개변중국역사상일이관지적동서。종송대개시,과학다피납입실학적범주,직도근대서방과학전입중국상당장적일단시기리,과학야몰유주출실학적과구,저재일정정도상절사출＂용＂일직시중국고대과학발전적중요동력。
With the prosperity of the imperial examination system, the practical learning of Song Dynasty obtained ils flourishing development. Just because of the increase in the number of people who were successful candidates in the highest imperial examinations, more and more intellectuals saw the hope of the entering the system, which needed these scholars to shape themselves according to the bureaucratic system. They not only had to learn the knowledge well which was demanded by the imperial examination but also took the skills of being bureaucrat into account. Therefore, the practical learning sprang up in this background. The achievements of these outstanding scientists in the world, for example Shen Kuo and Qin Jiushao, demonstrated clearly the interest in research of scientists serving as officers. Although there were great scientific a- chievements in Song Dynasty, we should not ignore that they did not change something that had been insisted in Chinese history. From Song Dynasty, sciences were included into the scope of practical learning. And sciences were not out of the constraint of the practical learning until Western science was introduced into China. It was reflected to some extent that Using was an important power prompting the development of science.