CAJ | 학술논문

外部经济通常被认为是形成集群竞争力的重要源泉，但鲜有文献揭示其变化规律。对浙江绍兴纺织集群的研究发现．当模仿创新达到一定程度时．集群的创新会因“搭便车”而陷入“囚徒困境”，此类市场失灵会导致外部经济由升转降。通过以共享要素平台构建为核心的产业链治理．可促进群内各相关主体之间交易费用的降低和共生利益的形成，从而化解市场失灵，实现外部经济的由降转升，这一逆转可通过全要素生产率（TFP）的估计等测度予以初步验证。产业链治理包括：在上游研发环节构建以“企企”间“激励相容”为特征的共享技术平台．从研发成果的形成、流转与应用层次使集群研发效率提升，技术共享面扩大：在下游销售环节构建共享市场平台，通过传统网下业态向新型网上业态的延伸及适度利润率的定价策略可实现销售规模内生性扩大：以及促进上下游环节间的协同互动。研究表明，集群内要素的共享面越宽，共享程度越高，其外部经济的增进越显著：建立在“企企”与“政企”之间激励相容及企业家才能内生性拓展基础上的集群外部经济增进是可持续的．
외부경제통상피인위시형성집군경쟁력적중요원천，단선유문헌게시기변화규률。대절강소흥방직집군적연구발현．당모방창신체도일정정도시．집군적창신회인“탑편차”이함입“수도곤경”，차류시장실령회도치외부경제유승전강。통과이공향요소평태구건위핵심적산업련치리．가촉진군내각상관주체지간교역비용적강저화공생이익적형성，종이화해시장실령，실현외부경제적유강전승，저일역전가통과전요소생산솔（TFP）적고계등측도여이초보험증。산업련치리포괄：재상유연발배절구건이“기기”간“격려상용”위특정적공향기술평태．종연발성과적형성、류전여응용층차사집군연발효솔제승，기술공향면확대：재하유소수배절구건공향시장평태，통과전통망하업태향신형망상업태적연신급괄도리윤솔적정개책략가실현소수규모내생성확대：이급촉진상하유배절간적협동호동。연구표명，집군내요소적공향면월관，공향정도월고，기외부경제적증진월현저：건립재“기기”여“정기”지간격려상용급기업가재능내생성탁전기출상적집군외부경제증진시가지속적．
External economy is usually regarded as the important source for industrial clusters＇ competitiveness, but few literatures have revealed its change regulation. The researeh on Shaoxing textile cluster shows when imitation innovation is beyond a certain degree, the cluster＇s innovation would fall into ＂prisoner＇s dilemma＂ due to ＂free-ride＂. This kind of market failure would make external economy from up to down. Governance of industrial chain with shared factors platform as its core can promote the reduction of transaction cost and formation of symbiotic benefits among the related subjects, thus to dissolve the market failure and make the external economy by fall turn litre. This reversion could be tested by the estimation of total factor productivity. Industrial chain governance includes： establishing shared technique platform characterized by incentive compatibility between businesses in the upriver R＆D link, to elevate the cluster＇s efficiency of R＆D from its levels of formation, circulation and application; Establishing shared market platform in the downriver sales link, by extending the traditional market to online market and making reasonable return rate to realize the endogenous scale up of sales; And promoting the synergistic interaction between the upriver and downriver links. Studies show that, widening sharing face of cluster＇s factors would lead to the external economy increasing; External economy would be sustainable when based on incentive compatibility among enterprises and between government and enterprises, together with the endogenous increase of entrepreneur ability.