CAJ | 학술논문

两个实验均以汉字为材料，采用2×3被试内设计，分别使用语义范畴判断和语音判断任务考察了汉字频率对阅读中情绪价效应的影响。结果发现：在语义任务中，情绪价与字频之间交互作用不显著，低频消极字和积极字的反应时均快于中性字，高频消极字的反应时也快于中性字，但高频积极字与中性字之间无差异。在语音任务中，情绪价与字频之间交互作用显著，低频消极字和积极字的反应时均快于中性字，而高频字的在语音通达中没有出现情绪价效应。汉字阅读中的情绪价效应不是自动化的过程，会受到字频与任务形式的影响。
량개실험균이한자위재료，채용2×3피시내설계，분별사용어의범주판단화어음판단임무고찰료한자빈솔대열독중정서개효응적영향。결과발현：재어의임무중，정서개여자빈지간교호작용불현저，저빈소겁자화적겁자적반응시균쾌우중성자，고빈소겁자적반응시야쾌우중성자，단고빈적겁자여중성자지간무차이。재어음임무중，정서개여자빈지간교호작용현저，저빈소겁자화적겁자적반응시균쾌우중성자，이고빈자적재어음통체중몰유출현정서개효응。한자열독중적정서개효응불시자동화적과정，회수도자빈여임무형식적영향。
The affective （ positive or negative） information of emotion words can accelerate the words processing compared with the neutral words Some research revealed that the emotional valence effect occurred under either conscious or subliminal conditions How- ever, whether the emotional valence effect is an automatic procedure or an interactive outcome between the task paradigm and the stimu- lus property is still unclear. The present study used semantic and phonological tasks to explore the influence of frequency on the emo- tional valence effect when people read Chinese characters. After normalization, two experiments applied the same stimuli sets of Chinese characters, which had been strictly matched in terms of their frequency, stroke number, radical number, concrete level, and emotional arousal level in all six conditions. Experiment 1 used the semantic category decision task, 2 （high frequency vs. low frequency） 3 （negative/neutral/positive） within-subjects design. The participants were 30 college students with one subject excluded because his total error rate was too high （〉 10% ）. They were asked to decide whether the target Chinese character was a hying being （ e. g. tiger, horse, grass） or not by pressing a keyboard button. Different from the semantic processing, Experiment 2 applied the rhyming decision task. Another 30 college students participated in this task. They made responses according to the target characters＇ pronunciation. If the syllable contained/ong/ （ e. g. /song4/,/qiong2/, /nong2/）, they were to press the ＂yes＂ button, otherwise press ＂no＂. The two experiments shared the same design, stimuli and pro- gram. A computer automatically recorded the subject＇s reaction time and error rate with E-prime 1.1. The multivariate analysis of variance results showed that when the participants were asked to perform the semantic task, the nega- tive valence accelerated the characters＇ semantic access in both high and low frequency conditions （ps 〈 . 05 ）. There was no significant interaction between frequency and emotional valence （p 〉 . 05 ）. At the same time, the positive valence speeded up the low-frequency characters only （p 〈 . 05）, but not the high-frequency ones （p 〉 . 05 ）. The influence of positive valence was weaker than that of negative valence. However, there was a significant interaction between emotional valence and frequency in the phonological task （p 〈 001 ）. The simple main effect showed that emotional valence mainly impacted on the low-frequency characters＇ phonological access （p 〈 . 001）, and didn＇t affect the high-frequency ones （p 〉 . 05）. In the low-frequency condition, the RTs of negative （p 〈 . 01 ） and positive （p 〈 . 001 ） characters were shorter than those of the neutral ones. The integration of two experiments supports the biased competition model. In summary, the resuhs suggest that the emotional infor- mation modulates the semantic and phonological access during reading characters Moreover, the modulation effect is influenced by the task-oriented and the familiarity of material. Emotional valence can accelerate the low-frequency characters＇ phonological and semantic access, hut not the high-frequency characters＇ phonological access. However, in a semantic task, even the high-frequency characters＇ processing can be affected by negative valence.