CAJ | 학술논문

本研究通过模拟复杂人机系统的监控作业，考察了长时工作记忆与短时工作记忆在情境意识保持中的作用。研究采用模拟的飞行相撞判断任务，通过考察中断任务对情境意识的影响，分析情境意识在记忆中的存储地点。本研究选择了心理旋转和算式判断两种中断任务。实验结果表明，在问题回答之前的中断阶段，无论施加心理旋转任务，还是施加算式判断任务，无论中断任务的加工负荷与记忆负荷有多高，熟练被试的情境意识始终保持于较高的水平，并没有因受到中断任务的干扰而出现下降。新手被试的情境意识受到心理旋转任务和算式判断任务的显著影响，两种任务的执行速度越快、记忆负荷越大，情绪意识水平就越低。本研究结果说明熟练被试可以利用长时工作记忆存储情境意识，新手被试主要利用短时工作记忆存储情境意识。
본연구통과모의복잡인궤계통적감공작업，고찰료장시공작기억여단시공작기억재정경의식보지중적작용。연구채용모의적비행상당판단임무，통과고찰중단임무대정경의식적영향，분석정경의식재기억중적존저지점。본연구선택료심리선전화산식판단량충중단임무。실험결과표명，재문제회답지전적중단계단，무론시가심리선전임무，환시시가산식판단임무，무론중단임무적가공부하여기억부하유다고，숙련피시적정경의식시종보지우교고적수평，병몰유인수도중단임무적간우이출현하강。신수피시적정경의식수도심리선전임무화산식판단임무적현저영향，량충임무적집행속도월쾌、기억부하월대，정서의식수평취월저。본연구결과설명숙련피시가이이용장시공작기억존저정경의식，신수피시주요이용단시공작기억존저정경의식。
Over the past 50 years, research on human factors has focused on helping operators in the human-machine system better deal with various task situations. An important construct that continues this tradition is the situation awareness （SA）. SA refers to how much the operator of the man-machine system is aware of its dynamic states. Working memory seems at first blush to be a critical component of SA. Typically, in the human-machine system of visual monito- ring, an operator has several tasks at hand, some of which are in an interrupted state while others are being carried out. Most of the time, such interruptions are not disruptive to SA and task performance. There is evidence that some individuals develop better SA than others. The difference among individuals is attributed to the difference in the underlying cognitive processes that constitute SA. This study aimed to reveal working memory involved in the maintenance of SA in simulating visual monitoring tasks and to disclose the relationship between working memory and SA difference among the subjects. Two alternative accounts were used to explain working memory in the process of developing SA： the long --term working memory theory （LTWM） and the template theory （TI＇）. This study tested those ideas by creating very demanding interruption conditions between encoding task information and recalling task information. The interruption task would hamper the maintenance of the pointer and other representations in shor - t-term working memory over the interruption. A task of conflict detection with the cockpit display of traffic information was simulated. Two experiments were performed to investi- gate the effect of interruption on SA in the conflict detection task. One trial of each experiment consisted of three tasks ： a conflict detec- tion task, an interruption task （only under the experiment condition） and a recall task. The independent variables of the two experi- ments were the complexity of the interruption task and the subject experience （ skilled subjects and novice subjects）. The dependent variable was SA. In Experiment 1, the interruption task of mental rotation was adopted. In Experiment 2, the interruption task of multi- plication verification was adopted. The results of the two experiments showed that the complexity of interruption tasks had no effect on the SA of skilled subjects. Meanwhile, the SA of novice subjects deteriorated when the conflict task was interrupted by mental rotation task and multiplication veri- fication tasks. The situation awareness of skilled subjects was higher than that of novice subjects under each experimental treatment. The present findings indicated that skilled subjects and novice subjects utilized the long --term working memory and short-term working memory to maintain the SA of visual monitoring task. Skilled subjects could overcome tasks interruptions by utilizing long - - term working memory to restore SA.