CAJ | 학술논문

智利在殖民地时期属于西属美洲的边缘地区,其土地制度的演变与中心地区既有一致性,又有差异性。如同西属美洲中心地区一样,其大庄园起源于国王分配给殖民者的恩赐地,在经历了各种形式的土地兼并后,经官方对土地权利的审定,最终形成合法的私人大地产。但与中心地区的不同之处是：当地印第安人社会的特点决定了委托监护权分配方式主要是以酋长为单位,委托监护制长期保持了劳役制的特点;智利经济经历了＂黄金时代＂、＂油脂世纪＂和＂小麦世纪＂三个阶段,大庄园的形成是在18世纪小麦出口的推动下完成的,比中心地区晚一个世纪;大庄园中的印第安人劳动力经历了＂梅斯蒂索化＂过程,带来了智利种族结构的相对一致性。大庄园制是智利最重要的殖民制度遗产。
지리재식민지시기속우서속미주적변연지구,기토지제도적연변여중심지구기유일치성,우유차이성。여동서속미주중심지구일양,기대장완기원우국왕분배급식민자적은사지,재경력료각충형식적토지겸병후,경관방대토지권리적심정,최종형성합법적사인대지산。단여중심지구적불동지처시：당지인제안인사회적특점결정료위탁감호권분배방식주요시이추장위단위,위탁감호제장기보지료로역제적특점;지리경제경력료＂황금시대＂、＂유지세기＂화＂소맥세기＂삼개계단,대장완적형성시재18세기소맥출구적추동하완성적,비중심지구만일개세기;대장완중적인제안인노동력경력료＂매사체색화＂과정,대래료지리충족결구적상대일치성。대장완제시지리최중요적식민제도유산。
The evolution of the land system of Chile, which located in the marginal region of the Spanish A- mericas during the colonial period, has both similarities and differences with respect to that of the central re- gion. Similar to that in the central Spanish Americas, Chilean Hacienda originated from the Mercedes assigned to the colonists by the king, and eventually became legitimate private real estate after various forms of the an- nexation of land, and then after the official surveys and recognition. On the other hand, Chilean land system is different from that of the central region in that the Encomienda is based on Indian chieftain, which is deter- mined by the characteristics of local Indian society. The Encomienda kept the characteristics of the labor sys- tem for a long time. The Chilean economy has experienced ＂the golden age＂, ＂the grease century＂ and ＂the wheat century＂; the formation of Hacienda in the 18th century was driven by wheat exports, and is a century later than the central region. The Indian working in the hacienda experienced ＂mestizaje＂ process, which pro- duced relative homogeneity of Chile＇s ethnic structure. Hacienda system is one of Chile＇s most important herita- ges from the colonial system.