CAJ | 학술논문

19世纪下半叶以来，西学迅速进入中国，但科学的传播却较为缓慢。伴随着20世纪初中国新式教育的出现，文明书局高举“科学”的大旗，1903年开始出版“蒙学科学全书”28种。这是第一次书名全部印有“教科书”字样、第一套中国人自己分科编著（译）、至今唯一用“科学”之名统领的教科书。这套教科书明确学科概念及知识分类，彰显了中国学术由四部之学到分科之学的转型；下移中国科学启蒙的重心，大量普及科学常识；突出科学研究的基本方法，特别强调试验与观察；全面规范“教科书”要素，分化了科学译著与教学用书；渗透教育学、心理学知识，提升了教科书编制的科学化程度；注重课程内容与教学进度有序、弹性、指导性，但没有分级设编。“蒙学科学全书”让我们看到了中国知识分子的智慧与创新，以及由此开启20世纪初科学启蒙的新时代。
19세기하반협이래，서학신속진입중국，단과학적전파각교위완만。반수착20세기초중국신식교육적출현，문명서국고거“과학”적대기，1903년개시출판“몽학과학전서”28충。저시제일차서명전부인유“교과서”자양、제일투중국인자기분과편저（역）、지금유일용“과학”지명통령적교과서。저투교과서명학학과개념급지식분류，창현료중국학술유사부지학도분과지학적전형；하이중국과학계몽적중심，대량보급과학상식；돌출과학연구적기본방법，특별강조시험여관찰；전면규범“교과서”요소，분화료과학역저여교학용서；삼투교육학、심이학지식，제승료교과서편제적과학화정도；주중과정내용여교학진도유서、탄성、지도성，단몰유분급설편。“몽학과학전서”양아문간도료중국지식분자적지혜여창신，이급유차개계20세기초과학계몽적신시대。
Since the second half of the 19th century, western knowledge has been rapidly introduced in China, but the scientific dissemination was slow. At the beginning of 20th century, with the emergence of new education in China, the Civilization Press advocated science and published 28 types of ＂Elementary Science Textbook＂ sincel903. This is the first textbooks that were all printed with the name ＂text book＂, and translated and edited by subjects by Chinese, and they are the only textbooks named after ＂science＂ so far. This set of textbooks clarified the concept of subject and the classification of knowledge and showed the transformation from four branch learning to subject learning of China academics, shifted down the fo cus of science enlightenment to popularize the scientific common sense in China; highlighted the basic methods of scientific research with an emphasis on test and observation in particular; standardized the ele- ments of ＂textbooks＂ and distinguished the books used for teaching from books of scientific translation, permeated the knowledge of education and psychology and enhanced the degree of scientification of text book editing, and paid attention to the order, flexibility and guidance in curriculum content and teaching process without editing by levels. The elementary science textbooks reflected the wisdom and innovation of Chinese intellectuals and opened the brand new science enlightenment era in the early 20th century.